Matt Russo : What does the universe sound like? A musical tour

Matt Russo at TEDxUofT (transcript)
What does the universe sound like? A musical tour
Summary
This is a story I haven't understood completely.
In the first place, I thought that the subject was the universe sound. It means
I didn’t understand that in the title, the verb was “sound” or “like”. Ｈahaha～～

It’s strange that the speaker is an astrophysicist and a musician, isn't it?

He tells us that planetary orbits have the hidden rhythms and harmonies, outer space is not really silence and not lifeless place also, and it produces its own unique melody. Music and astronomy seem to have deep connections, there is geometry in the humming of the strings, and there seems to be music in the spacing of the sphere there. What? What does it mean?

And then he said that he got to the TRAPPIST-1 system that I heard for the first time.
This is an explanatory system discovered last February of 2017. It seems to be seven Earth-sized planets orbiting a star.

I didn't understand what the TRAPPIST-1 is something to hear, however, its sound fascinated us, it’s very beautiful, and it’s enough worth.

No one is creating the pitches or rhythms and it's just brought into the human hearing range.
One tone beats out a rhythm. It's simple and two tones join. Three, four, five, and six tones join. It just only joins but it doesn't create and it's not created. Each sound is simple and just beats out the same pitch. And after all, when seven planets have entered, we can hear a drum for every time two planets align.

This is what the hidden rhythms and harmonies that the planetary orbits have, isn't it?
I feel that it’s like the life of ourselves and consonant is great.

Our planet has had a lot of things that we don't know. From now, Like this TRAPPIST-1 of the resonant chain and K2-138, new things seems to be discovered also.

Words in this story
resonant /adj/ (of sound) deep, clear, and continuing to sound or ring.
consonant /noun/  in agreement or harmony with.
astronomy /noun/ the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole.

Celeste Headlee :10 ways to have a better conversation

Celeste Headlee at TEDxCreativeCoast  (transcript)
10 ways to have a better conversation
Summary
Conversation is the informal exchange of ideas by spoken words, though, you know, our conversation becomes one-sided conversations, an argument, fighting against others, and so on. It’s not  conversation but people don’t listen to each other and they make their decisions based on what they already believe.

This time, the speaker teaches us how to talk and how to listen to have great conversation that you’ve made a real connection or you’ve been perfectly understood. It’s without wasting your time, getting bored, and offending anybody.

Don’t multitask. Don’t pontificate.
Give simple questions. Go with the flow. Ask something that you don’t know. Don’t equate your experience with theirs. Try not to repeat yourself. Don’t care about small things. Listen and be brief.
The concept is to be interested in other people to be able to talk, even people who you don’t like. We must enjoy conversation. It makes others enjoy also.

Words in this story
conversation /noun/ the informal exchange of ideas by spoken words.

Frances Frei : How to build (and rebuild) trust

Frances Frei at TED2018  (transcript)
How to build (and rebuild) trust
Summary
I didn't understand the story, thus I'm going to write about Uber in Japan and whether Uber systems are trusted or not. It must lead to understanding this story.

Uber is a new service to connect a person who has a car or bicycle and time to a person who finds how to move or deliver something. 
By using application, those people can meet anywhere and anytime.
However, those people see at the first time thus people don't know each other, the people are introduced by application, though. People think that the important thing is trust here because people who don’t know each other have to start the business.

However, I think that before people use Uber, there are few trusts there. It’s because they are not companies but individuals that don’t have guarantees for customers and will get big money individually. Additionally, we see that tax companies are struggling.

The important purpose of service or business is to help people who are worried, to have passion, to do with pride and to allow all people to be happy. I don't feel that Uber thinks about that. It's only to get money easily. Tax companies have those thus trust is built. It takes for a long time, however, deep trust can be rebuilt again if it's lost. This is my way on how to build and rebuild trust.
God would inspire me with the power of doing my homework.

Words in this story
unprecedented /noun/ never done or known before.
wobble /noun/ an unsteady movement from side to side.
jeopardy /noun/ danger of loss, harm, or failure.
allow /verb/ admit (an event or activity) as legal or acceptable.

Kristie Overstreet : What doctors should know about gender identity

Kristie Overstreet at TEDxLivoniaCCLibrary  (transcript)
What doctors should know about gender identity
Summary
I thought hard that the patients who are transgender had to be treated as female or male while reading the story. However, l was sorry that my thought was wrong in the first place.

It’s to think that there are only two genders that are male and female is wrong but there are those two and whiteout those that are transgender is also wrong.

In the first place, it’s in the first place. In the first place, we had been just assigned a sex at birth based on our genitalia. A most important thing is that someone is assigned male at birth, though, that person lives her life with a sense of self as a female is female. Thus she visits gynecology hospital.

1) For doctors attention: it happens the opposite thing that a person is assigned female but she lives as a male. We call her transgender male but he also visits gynecology hospital for his health care so doctors have to treat those patients with the correct pronouns and name and have to give dignity and respect. It's highly likely that the rest of the staff will do too. Doctors can’t say that it’s not trained on how to care for.

The speaker tells us who might not see them yet that we have to understand it well, we have a new way of thinking about transgender, and it will be better for us to be separated with three groups. It's doctors, transgender communities, and the rest of us of the group.

2) For transgender communities attention: in the transgender community, people need to be empowered to speak up for their health care needs. It’s because their health care is not known by many people.

3) For the rest of us attention: even we have to think that a transgender individual is human, just like you and us. people competent and trained health care provider, just like you and us. 

The last sentence of the speaker means that transgender people are already changing, doctors are in the change, and the rest of us will face soon. This is one kind of change in the world. The title show doctors, but all people give dignity and respect to all people as humans.

Words in this story
binary /adj/ having two parts
spectrum /noun/ range of colors

Musimbi Kanyoro : To solve the world's biggest problems, invest in women and girls

Musimbi Kanyoro at TEDWomen 2017  (transcript)
To solve the world's biggest problem, invest in women and girls
Summary
If we can be a little more care for others or around ourselves, it's a little more, the world must change amazingly.

Investing means to expand money with the expectation of achieving a profit.
It must be better not only money but also other resources like time, your heart, and words. It leads someone or something to achieving their goals.

And then the word Isirika that is Maragoli language in Kenya will be the usual word like Emoge or Sushi that was the Japanese language in the past, but now it's used by the world.

"Isirika" is a pragmatic way of life that embraces charity, services, and philanthropy all together. The essence of "Isrika" is mutual responsibility for caring for one another and generosity,

The speaker is a CEO of the Global Fund for Women. She works for collecting money is invested in women and girls with its soul "Isrika" because this must be the solution to solve the world's biggest problem.
It's important for women and girls to know how to protect themselves and to live well. Let's share this.

Words in this story
Invest /verb/ expend money with the expectation of achieving a profit.

Christine Porath : Why being nice to your coworkers is good for business

Christine Porath at TEDxUniversityofNevada  (transcript)
Why being nice to your coworkers is good for business
Summary
l wonder that there is a person who studies tough thing.
The speaker studies the effects of incivility on people and then she shows why being nice to your coworkers is good for business.

Incivility is disrespect or rudeness. It includes a lot of different behavior.
If a boss made insulting statements, it made people less motivated, lost time worrying about what happened, and some people left their job. It’s contagious and by seeing or reading rude words, it happens. Your group and team lake the attention or awareness.
The speaker tells us that it comes from stress but just one person is incivility, it affects its group, and it costs enormously.

However, if there is small respect there, it'll be also contagious. Small things can make a big difference. Thinking people, sharing credit, listening attentively, humbly asking questions. acknowledging others, and smiling become big impacts.

Being nice means to spread small respect. Lifting others comes to you finally.

Words in this story
incivility /adj/ rudeness, lack of politeness, rude behavior
civil /adj/ courteous and polite.
contagious /adj/  infectious, catching, infective
attentively /adv/ carefully, profoundly, deeply, at length
agile /adj/ quick, fast, prompt

My friends went to Togo

My friends went to Togo
Diary
In September of this year, My friends went to the Togolese Republic which is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.
It seems to have taken 24 hours from Japan to Togo. There isn't a nonstop flight Togo from Japan, thus it has to change airplane twice to arrive at Togo. The route is going to Benin by way of Ethiopia and by land, going to Togo.
They have studied about Africa for one year and one of them has a Job with French which is the official language of Togo.

I knew a lot of things from their stories. In Togo, the countryside doesn't have the internet connection, however, people live happily, they guide travelers through their village, mountains, and natural beauty and they make a traveler a dress as a souvenir. It's their great job, however, in the village, English notebooks that someone studied become a toilet roll, however, people live happily.
My friends said that to actually experience was really important and there was the huge difference between the study and reality.
And then I was really happy too because they brought our company products that were flag-keychains as a Japanese souvenir.

Togo flag-keychains of our company products have had by Togolese people across the sea, it's pleasing for them, and I can hear and see it in the picture. It makes not only me but our company happy. Thank you for their great travel stories.

Motoko Rich : Naomi Osaka, a New Governor and Me

The New York Times  (article)
Naomi Osaka, a New Governor and Me
Is Japan becoming more welcoming to mixed-race people?
Summary
I sometimes read articles that the writer Motoko Rich writes because she often introduces her articles on Twitter.
Why I chose this is that people answered "Yes" to the question of whether Japan is becoming more welcoming to mixed-race people, or not.

I was really happy because I thought that Japanese people became able to welcome them, in the article, the writer felt that Japanese had the same way of thinking, it’s important that you are in Japanese side, and they pointed at foreigner as “Gaijin”, though.

This time, Japanese people look welcoming Ms.Osaka and Tamaki who are half, and the writer’s children feel being welcomed more than before.

However, I've realized that this is the New York Times newspaper thus almost readers must not be Japanese, the newspaper must be written for readers become happy at least and probably, and on Twitter, comments were not written by Japanese.

Furthermore, the title is the question: "Is Japan becoming more welcoming to mixed-race people?"
In the article, the writer has a question: She has wondered whether Japanese attitudes toward identity are slowly starting to accommodate with mixed heritages.
And then what works for the writer is “double”.

It means that the answer is not “Yes”.
It’s just increased numbers of half in Japan and it’s only celebrated the champion or winner. After all, Japanese people haven’t still realized their attitudes.

P.S. l have something that l really want to tell you here.
It’s difficult to see the problem of identities in the world and even America. I think that this article must have more important thoughts.
Those are that Black American tennis player couldn't win against Asian and the media can't focus on the true problem of Okinawa.
This was the sad article, in fact.

Words in this story
half /noun/ either of two equal or corresponding parts into which something is or can be divided.
contort /verb/  twist, bend out of shape,
instinctively /adv/ involuntarily

Bill Gates : What Are the Biggest Problems Facing Us in the 21stCentury?

The New York Times (article)
What Are the Biggest Problems Facing Us in the 21st Century?
Summary
What a luxurious article it is!
This is a book review that Bill Gates wrote and that book is "21 LESSONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY" that Israeli historian Yuval Noah Harari published in September 2018 and I think that I really want to read.

In this article, Bill Gates tells us that it's no criticism to say that Harari hasn't produced a satisfying answer yet, though, reading and thinking should be continued and it's worth.

I really think so. Now, our world has the great internet and people think that problems must solve soon, they can know all, and they can see all soon. However, We have to know that that is just a little part. It forces only bad aspects or good aspects and we are always worrying about something.

Probably, the answer that our worry is stopped is getting to know ourselves better and seeing how we contribute to suffering in our lives.

It'll be important to change ourselves. The world must be changing more than we think. Enjoy reading, working, and living!

Words in this story
resist /verb/ bear, withstand, stand, endure
resilience /noun/ power of recovery
outrage /noun/ violence, force,
herd /noun/ drove, flock, pack, fold, group, collection
prediction /noun/ estimation
predispose /verb/ make someone liable or inclined to a specified attitude, action, or condition. tendency

Ed Boyden : A new way to study the brain's invisible secrets

Ed Boyden at TEDSummit  (transcript)
A new way to study the brain's invisible secrets
Summary
In the story, a new way is to use polymers to see individual molecules in our brain. The structure of our brain is incredibly complicated and there are so many tiny connections. However, if its tiny connections are bigger more than over thousands, we must see it. The speaker hit upon an idea when he saw baby diapers that were added water and those could swell enormously. The material was polymers. By using this and seeing tiny connections of our brain, we study more our brain. It must lead to knowing about many diseases that were secrets on what happened in our brain.

This can create a map of our brain, deliver drugs, wipe out exactly the cells, and so on.

I thought that the idea was important.
Now, big-data can do the same thing that we read another story recently, though, humans have to hit upon many ideas before we use big-data.

Words in this story
swell /verb/ swell, expand, get big

Ben Cort : What commercialization is doing to cannabis

Ben Cort at TEDxMileHigh  (transcript)
What commercialization is doing to cannabis
Summary
It took so much time to write this for me.
It's because I didn't know about cannabis completely. Just, I know that Japan prohibits the use of cannabis. 1)

Cannabis is a tall plant and it is used to produce hemp.  2)
It seems to be used for hemp fiber, for hemp oils, for medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug for a long time without Japan. 3)
In the story, it's written that cannabis is a plant that grows naturally, and has been used within textiles and even traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. And then, it's now made up of hundreds of different chemicals in which there are CBD and THC. 4)
In fact, CBD is surprisingly and legally used in Japan. 5)
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring cannabinoid constituent of cannabis, helps people as medicines, and is nonintoxicating.6)
Japanese Cannabis Control Law excludes CBD that seems to be cannabis’ seed and steam, but regulates parts of leaves and flower.7) l researched those to understand the article.

The speaker and other countries law must want to do that, however, many industries started to use THC commercially and globally to get much benefit when marijuana has been legalized in Colorado. It’s not announced, it’s not clearly described and people don’t know that. Children can use it easily. What can you allow? Is it a right way for legalizing cannabis? We need to think more.

Words in this story
commercialize /verb/ manage or exploit (an organization, activity, etc.) in a way designed to make a profit.
cannabis /noun/ a tall plant with a stiff upright stem, divided serrated leaves, and glandular hairs. It is used to produce hemp fiber and as a psychotropic drug.

Simona Francese : Your fingerprints reveal more than you think

Simona Francese at TED2018  (transcript)
Your fingerprints reveal more than you think
Summary
We know that all people have different fingerprints, even the identical twins who are alike in all ways have it.
According to my research on the internet, in 1788, the German anatomist Johann Mayer seemed to recognize that fingerprints are unique to each individual. Some Europeans published books about fingerprints before it, thus I thought that the speaker must be European. That was right, hahaha. 

In fact, in Japan, the fingerprints were used for recognizing each individual from the Edo period. From 2007, foreigners entering Japan will be required to be fingerprinted and photographed during their entry procedures to preserve the peace in them and Japan.

And then, people leave a little piece of fingerprints behind on every surface that you touch. They think that the fingerprints are too small to see and too many to recognize whose fingerprint it is. However, in the modern age, by helping the computer, it can be presented on only one person print from many.
Our fingerprints are made up of molecules. We produce seat molecules in very different amounts that are using not only blood, paint, and grease but also invisible substances. Thus molecules are who we are, it knows about what we did, and there is information on our health, action, lifestyle, and routines there.

Chip Colwell : Why museums are returning cultural treasures

Chip Colwell at TEDxMileHigh  (transcript)
Why museums are returning cultural treasures
Summary
This is a painful love story about how museums should have cultural treasures.
It's because many people visit museums if a museum has rare and precious items. Thus curators have to collect those. 
However, do you have ideas where those rare and precious items came from?

Among those, there will be cultural treasures including tangible culture, intangible, knowledge, and natural heritage.
In the story, tangible items that are buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts are shown. It is the legacy of physical artifacts from past generations, has to be maintained in the present, and has to be preserved for the benefit of future generations. However, it’s different between countries, races, and religion.

If races having cultural items are poor, they want to sell them to get money. In fact, from graves and even museums, items are stolen and sold.
If people find other religions properties, they think that those are enemies to break.
Archaeologists want to check those on how DNA are or past have, but those are stolen.
Museums want to collect rare treasures to be known by many people, however, if museums have things that are stolen, what do you think?
Even if there is a law, those will be battlefields that have different values.

Thus the speaker who has his museum returns cultural treasures.

Words in this story
decipher /verb/ convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into normal language.

Kym Worthy : What happened when we tested thousands of abandoned rape kits in Detroit

Kym Worthy at TED@UPS  (transcript)
What happened when we tested thousands of abandoned rape kits in Detroit
Summary
This is a shocking story for me who is Japanese. It's too horrible to understand.
In the first place, I didn't know about the words rape kits. 1)
It's used by almost women who are rape victims to track perpetrators by testing DNA. It's accurate if it's tested.
It's a surprising thing that the rape kits is developed and 1) there are many women who use it. 2)
However, those rape kids haven't been tested for a long time 3) and those were abandoned. 4)
It's stopped testing by police and people having authorities because some of them are perpetrators. 5)

When the speaker’s team found thousands of abandoned rape kits because of scandals of their boss, they started testing those. 
And then testing DNA is really accurate. A person who had raped two more women could be caught but a man who had raped ten, and 861 more women were also caught. 6) They were with impunity. It means that perpetrators commit many times and victims are increasing.

A system is corrupt. Even if the problem of rape kits being stockpiled is found, it’s not solved. 7)

Words in this story
inclusive /adj/ including or covering all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required.
exclude /verb/ except, remove
impunity /noun/ exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action.
exemption /noun/  exception, dispensation, exclusion

Michel Dugon : The secrets of spider venom

Michel Dugon at TEDxGalway  (transcript)
The secrets of spider venom
Summary
Antibiotics are substances that are released from microorganisms. It’s used to treat infectious diseases as medication. It means to be able to kill bacteria and to work against infectious diseases in your body. However, creatures that have antibiotics are decreasing. It won't become able to be produced those if it continues.

And then there are interesting stories there, in fact, antibiotics that creatures have are their venom that living them produce. In the venom, every chemical compound is separated, purified, diluted, and tested into cancer cells, bacteria, and so on. By a viper from South America, a lizard from North America, and a marine snail, toxins are produced and medications that we now use have been developed.
Probably, the venom from spiders that there is next to you must be produced. The study is continuing for the next generation.

Words in this story
dilute /verb/ make a liquid thinner or weaker, water down, reduce the strength of, weak