11.29.2020

Varun Sivaram : India's historic opportunity to industrialize using clean energy

Varun Sivaram·Countdown
India’s historic opportunity to industrialize using clean energy 
Summary 
The speaker is Indian, a physicist and clean energy executive and he explains energies that Indians use every day. 
Indian population is over one billion, they live in rural areas, and use wood, cow dung, and bioenergy. Just six percent of Indians own cars, and two percent have air conditioning. For escaping poverty, they need far more energy. 

However, coal, oil, and gas energy must ravage the country and endanger the planet. 

The speaker suggests three goals. 
1, India will need to build solar and wind power at an unprecedented scale and speed to replace coal-fired power plants. 
2, India will need to extend the reach of that renewable energy to power sectors of the economy like industry and transportation that haven’t traditionally used electricity. 
3, India must become radically more energy-efficient. 

Technology and renewable energy must offer India a cleaner and more prosperous future than coal ever can. 

Cedric Habiyaremye : How quinoa can help combat hunger and malnutrition

Cedric Habiyaremye·TED2020
How quinoa can help combat hunger and malnutrition 
Summary 
The speaker lived in Rwanda where the tragedy of the genocide occurred, people couldn’t farm enough, and they struggled with hunger and malnutrition. He discovered the solution to those problems when he learned in the US and it was quinoa. 

Quinoa is a tall annual leafy plant native to South America which is cultivated for its edible seeds that are high in protein.  It has all nine essential amino acids and high adaptability. It also responds well to climate change. 

The speaker, his mother, and local farmers work to combat hunger and malnutrition not only in Rwanda but also in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and etc. The world should be a place where everyone can get nutritious food and it should be sustainable. 

Words in this story 
versatile / fulfilling many functions, multi-purpose, skilled to do many things, adaptable, flexible, all-around

11.28.2020

Gloria Steinem : To future generations of women, you are the roots of change

Gloria Steinem·TEDWomen 2020
To future generations of women, you are the roots of change 
Summary 
The speaker tells us that still, feminism is not understood as a concept. It’s misunderstood, criticized, sometimes ridiculed. Feminism is just the radical idea that human beings are all equal. It’s not only about female superiority or a movement for lesbians. It means that the labels of gender, class, and race are not related, and it can show our unique individuality. 

Because of coronavirus spreading, people can’t gather in the same room, though, little by little, it’s changing. The speech that the newly elected Vice President Kamala Harris spoke gave women the power. When there are more women in all leadership positions, the world can change for future generations of women.  It must go in a good direction. 
Read Kamala Harris's Victory Speech in Full
https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a34608824/kamala-harris-victory-speech-full-transcript/

Sophie Rose : 2020 How COVID-19 human challenge trials work — and why I volunteered

Sophie Rose·TEDWomen 2020
How COVID-19 human challenge trials work and why I volunteered
Summary 
This was a great story. The speaker is a young woman who has volunteered to be deliberately infected with COVID -19 for a human challenge trial because she thought that the risks were worth taking, it’s said that it’s too risky, though. 

The trial must lead to knowing in as little as a month whether a vaccine seems effective. The long term effects of COVID-19 infection will not only kill more people but also give a strong mental shock to people of the world. This is her decision to rebuild the world from the global crisis. 

11.23.2020

Jo Michael Rezes : A playful exploration of gender performance

Jo Michael Rezes·TEDxTufts
A playful exploration of gender performance
Summary 

I remembered the famous TED words of the speaker, Amy Cuddy. “Don’t fake it till you make it. Fake it till you become it”.

This time, the speaker explained that we all, as actors, can play with gender in our lives and it can say rehearsal. Your current gender might be so well-rehearsed into your bodies, though, you might play with other gender and to be able to realize it is important. 

The speaker is an actor-director, theater educator, and a youngish 20- something-year-old trans person. From the rehearsal, you can know that you support each other in times of not only play and joy but also pain. It leads to succeeding more than you don’t try or fail at all. Our world should be that our gender mistakes have the potential for something good. 

Kathy Mendias :The mood-boosting power of crying

Kathy Mendias·TED@PMI
The mood-boosting power of crying
Summary 

The speaker tells us that we need to have a healthy relationship with crying and change the way we view tears. 

People must think that crying is scary, it’s confusing but it’s a screening alarm. However, she chemically explained that crying was always just associated with something bad. It’s a natural function of our amazing bodies, it’s beautiful, it gives us soothing feelings and reassures, crying is essential for us and it's an expression of our most intense interior human experience.  

There is no need to be embarrassed, ashamed, and run away. Not crying will lead to amplifying our feelings of anger or sadness. Crying helps to boost our mood. 

Aparna Nancherla·Countdown The joy of taking out the trash

Aparna Nancherla·Countdown
The joy of taking out the trash 
Summary 
I thought that the speaker was good at speaking and l wanted to speak like her. Actually, she was a comedian,  but in the past, on the TED stage, a woman who transformed into 11 characters was a different person. She looked like her. 
The comedian is, l think, lucky because she can give people stories with humor. 
Don’t buy what you don’t use, it’s a waste. 
Don’t have too much stuff that is used much enough when those are produced. 
Don’t throw out too much garbage, it must be recycled. 
Don’t produce many things that can’t be recycled. For example, many different types of cans, grass, bubble wrap, pizza boxes, and etc.
Don’t export garbage to foreign countries. 
Don’t think about having a lot of clothes and boyfriends. Taking out those must be the joy for our earth, energy, stopping climate change. 
The speaker was talking pleasantly. 


Paco de Leon·The Way We Work The secret to being a successful freelancer

 Paco de Leon·The Way We Work
The secret to being a successful freelancer 
Summary 

I was sorry that I couldn’t agree with the story, l thought that freelancers worked hard, though. 

After all, what only one person does is lacking experiences and having limits. 

The secret to being a successful freelancer that I think is what other people don’t understand and you shouldn’t tell the earning mechanism to others. It’s because one person’s power is fragile and freelancers must be targeted by professionals. 

If the result of money comes back to you, just you are lucky. 

11.15.2020

Mandë Holford : The power of venom — and how it could one day save your life

Mandë Holford·TED2020
The power of venom - and how it could one day save your life 
Summary 
I didn’t know that sea snails can use their venom to capture prey. 

The speaker explains that venom can kill or it can cure. She saw that the venom attacked fish’s cells communicate with each other. It paralyzes the fish, it can be used as chemical compounds, and it can clot with your blood. 

Her ideas are that it must lead to attacking cancer tumor cells. 1) The venom must treat pain without the addiction that is trouble for people. 2)
And also, the venom might treat high blood pressure and lower blood sugar as compounds. 3)

The study is still in the beginning and it’s told that 15 percent of all the animals on the planet are venomous. Thus we must be able to find more new ways to treat our diseases by using animals' venom. For continuing the study and living together on the planet, we have to save all animals. It will lead to saving our lives. 

Kaeli Swift : What crows teach us about death

 Kaeli Swift·TEDxSalem
What crows teach us about death 
Summary 
This was an interesting story, the study is still continuing, and at last, the speaker tells us that there’s no one simple narrative that can explain the vast array of behaviors we see in crows and many other animals so far. It’s just narratives from scientists or other observers. 

Around 100,000 years ago, the first intentional human burial is thought to have occurred. 
What might people have been thinking when they took the time to dig into the earth, deposit the body, and carefully cover it up again?
Were they trying to protect it from scavenger or stymie the spread of disease?
Were they trying to honor the deceased?
Did they just not want to have to look at a dead body?

What crows teach us about death is that there are new answers that we don’t know yet because even smart crow behavior couldn’t be understood yet. Just we can't fix people’s behavior and it’s dangerous. Probably, you know the behaviors we couldn't understand why we did sometimes, understanding our behavior is difficult.

Words in this story 
scavenger / one who cleans animals that feed on trash or decaying flesh, street cleaner, one who searches through garbage for usable materials. 
deceased / the dead

Jean-François Bastin : What if there were 1 trillion more trees?

 Jean-François Bastin·TED-Ed
What if there were 1 trillion more trees?
Summary 
We know that trees consume atmospheric carbon through a chemical reaction called photosynthesis. The process uses energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy-stoning carbohydrates. However, during converting carbohydrates to energy, trees release carbon, and when a tree dies and decay, stored carbon and stored CO2 in the soil are released. 

What if there were 1 trillion more trees? Planting too many trees means not to be able to restore our atmosphere's balance of greenhouse gasses.  We can’t just plant trees and we need to restore depleted ecosystems that are complicated.  

11.14.2020

Erika Cheung : Theranos, whistleblowing and speaking truth to power


Erika Cheung·TEDxBerkeley
Theranos, whistleblowing and speaking truth to power
Summary 

I was sorry that l didn’t know about the incident that happened in 2014. 

Theranos was the company whose founder was a young woman. Her name is Elizabeth Holmes, and the company’s purpose had been really great. 

It created a medical device of the smallest blood panel. By using it, a blood test was not less painful, it could only get a small amount of blood, and it quickly did. It must have led to finding your disease before you get sick. However, Theranos used the wrong samples. The speaker worked at Theranos, when she realized it and told it to the COO, the company was too big to understand it. The desires that are high positions, honor, and money clouded people’s judgments, though, the speaker continued speaking up the right things. And then, with a very talented journalist, a free lawyer, and her strong action, she could stop the company. 

The speaker has the power to act and imagine. For action, commitment is the desire to do the right things regardless of the cost. 

Consciousness is to aware of moral convictions, competency is the ability to collect and evaluate information and foresee potential consequences and risk, and imagining that if this happened to your loved one. 

11.08.2020

John Doerr and Hal Harvey·Countdown How to decarbonize the grid and electrify everything

John Doerr and Hal Harvey·Countdown
How to decarbonize the grid and electrify everything 
Summary 
Decarbonizing means to remove carbon from our life tools because releasing carbon dioxide or other gaseous carbon compounds into the atmosphere leads to climate change. 
Net Zero carbon 2050 will be now the world’s goal. Many countries try to get halfway to zero by 2030. For this, it has to reduce annual emissions by about 10 percent a year. I was surprised that the speaker told us that we’ve never reduced annual emissions in any year in the history of the planet!!

In our economy, four sectors are related to large emitting. The first is the grid, the second is transportation, the third from the building, and the fourth from industrial activities. Thus in the story, the grid and electrify are showing. The grid is our infrastructure that is our foundation and basis, thus it’s huge, though, the good news is that the prices of solar and wind have plummeted. And then fossil fuels and oil should replace batteries that are possibilities to have enhanced safety, faster charging, fewer spaces, less weight. and cost less. It leads to addressing not only the grid but also transportation.  Some countries increase electric cars, buses, taxes, and its stations. The market for electric vehicle batteries must increase employees.  

In addition to those, planting a lot of trees and continuing those are important. This is the secret policy of the speaker. We think that scale is big, though, the planet ruining speed is more serious but we don’t realize it. We are fast running out of time and we have to do it immediately. 

Nisha Anand : The radical act of choosing common ground

Nisha Anand·TEDxBerkeley
The radical act of choosing common ground 
Summary 
The speaker tells us that anywhere, there’s a common ground for us. If we have different religions, political politics, or we have different colors, races, we can definitely find it. It’s hard, though, it’s not compromised, and it’s the type of common ground that can secure human freedom and save lives. 
The speaker has a different religion, she is Indian and is told that she is brown, thus she said that she was a bridge between something, for example, between the old country and the new. 
Especially, about an issue of climate, it seems divisive and like there’s no common ground to be there, but there is. We have to see a change on a national or global scale and think about big and on a large scale tolerantly and generously. We can choose a common ground. 

Danielle Torley : I stepped out of grief — by dancing with fire

Danielle Torley·TED@PMI
I stepped out of grief-by dancing with fire 
Summary 
This is an amazing story in our tough time during the coronavirus spreading and just American president changing. 

The speaker was trapped in a fire with no escape for a long time because her mother died in the fire when the speaker was a child. 

However, she remembered two portraits when she started to dance with fire, and then she realized that even she who had severe trauma had two completely different paths before herself. 
It’s that one is a life of fear, but another is the promise and potential for recovery. Clinging sadness will bring you comfort, you don’t need to change and do anything. Stepping out of grief will be hard always, though, you can look forward and move forward. 

We must have a great path anytime if we are in a tough time now. The girl is in the center of the page, arms open and outstretched, clearly full of joy and happiness. 

Ibram X. Kendi : The difference between being "not racist" and antiracist

Ibram X. Kendi·TED2020
The difference between being “not racist “ and antiracist
Summary
I just wanted to study English, and I didn’t think that I've faced such kind of difficult articles. However, this must be a great byproduct, thus l can continue to study English.

The surprising speaker’s suggestion is to eliminate the concept of “not racist”. How paradoxical it is! People thought for a long time that being racist is bad, they tried not to be racist, though, it’s eliminated. He said that we have to realize that we’re either being racist or anti-racist. It means that people who are not racist are racist, and an antiracist is willing to admit the time in which they are being racist, recognize the inequality and racial problems of our society, and challenge those racial infidelities by challenging the policy. The present condition is that many people don’t admit it thus policies create more inequality. For example, policemen use guns only against black, black people are suffering more from COVID, they lose jobs, etc, so we have to admit those, and neutrality is not enough.
And then, the speaker answered some questions.

1, There is the idea of antiracism. Isn’t it only a concern of white communities? How can the black community, nonwhite, other ethnic minorities participate in and think about this idea of antiracism?
No, because if you are black, you think you have no power and you don’t resist a racist society, it doesn’t change anything. Not viewing racism is not a solution.

2, What is the reason that there were more deaths from COVID-19 in black communities? 
People and the media begin to see the need for systemic structural change. We have to recognize that there are only two causes of racial infidelity: either people or policies. Genetically, we are the same human, thus something in our system is wrong.

3, Do you feel that white privilege is starting to change?
He didn’t say yes or no. He tells us that people have to think of a more equitable society. He is not asking really white Americans to be altruistic in order to be antiracist. We’re really asking people to have intelligent self-interest. It surprised me because l was told that we had to be altruistic, though, it’s not to change a system. To change a system must mean to have intelligent self-interest for all people.

4, What do you view as the greatest priority on a policy level like this for justice continues? Are there any ways in which we could learn from other countries?
The speaker suggests a country where the health care system is free and reparations programs for economic livelihood.

5, How do you suggest liberal white organizations effectively address problems of racism within the work environment?
It’s important for not only the workplace but their upper administration to have diversity and to spread the thoughts of antiracism.

6, Donald Trump seems to be making supporting Black Lives Matter a partisan issue. How do we uncouple this to make it nonpartisan?
The speaker tells us that the solution is not marching if Donald Trump says that there is a problem with marching for black lives. (I think so!) it’s because we have to believe in human rights and it’s not related to whether you believe black lives matter or not.

7, What is your reaction and response to people who feel concerned about mental exhaustion from having to constantly think about how your actions may hurt or harm others?
Don’t be addicted to racism and restrain myself from reverting back to what lm addicted. Spending too much time thinking about how we feel and reducing time thinking about how our actions and ideas make others feel.

8, Can you speak to the intersectionality between the work of antiracism, feminism, and gay rights? How does the work of antiracism relate and affect the work of these other human rights issues?
In the first place, the thoughts about dividing, there is an intersection and groups are not good. Every race is a collection of racialized international groups. Rejecting, understanding, and challenging it.

9, How do you see cancel culture and antiracism interacting? How do we respond to that?
To discern people who are refusing or who recognize their mistakes and commit something.

10, In other nations and other cultures, how people think about race and oppression?
There are countries in which police officers don’t wear weapons, there are countries that have more people than the United States but fewer prisoners, and the good things are that there are more jobs and more opportunities than crime and police. It means to provide pretty sizable social safety nets for people who are not committing crimes out of poverty and despair.

11, The words in the speaker‘s book: ” Who Gets To Be America”
What does it mean?
It means that what l am, a black male, should not matter. Who l am should matter. You can have a job without relating your skin. There are racial equality and justice. There’s no assimilating into white American culture. It’s all valued equally.

12, Where do you see that on the spectrum of progress towards reaching that true beauty?
At this beginning moment, people seek change during a viral pandemic and lose their jobs unequally.

13, What gives you hope right now?
The hope is resilient to racism.

14, What about structure changes?
Voting is the most important.

Lastly, the speaker tells us that there is hope but still we have on the shackles of racism.
He doesn’t say clearly, though, l think that the solution is to love my own country and all humanity, to grow myself, and to create a strong country by all citizens.

11.07.2020

Van Jones : What if a US presidential candidate refuses to concede after an election?

Van Jones·TED Studio
What if a US presidential candidate refuses to concede after an election?
Summary 
Today when I've written this was Thursday, November 5th and I watched the speaker on TV, a CNN program. I remembered this TED talk that I couldn’t understand, l didn't want to understand, l decided not to write a summary last Saturday. However, l started to think that in the story, what the speaker told was wrong. It’s because I think that for both, there must be no concession speech and the speaker has to navigate the fair election that no people rig, though, what he said is about a concession speech. 

The speaker tells us that the important thing is the concession speech. To tell about conceding the race, to admit with honors, to thank you to supporters, to transfer of power peacefully, and to move on. And then, no American should concede the core principles of democracy itself and Americans should be willing to concede an election. 

Americans love the winner of a free and fair election and they oppose any so-called who prevails by twisting the process beyond recognition, though, the election, many people think, is not fair so far. 

I think that their words are completely wrong!
Not "Stop the count!" or "Every vote must be counted!" but "The election should be fair and it should be checked!" Americans who deliberately voted two times or hid votes should be confessed. If it’s not done, American democracy that has been broken already must be proved. 

I'm feeling really bad and it’s like our country being captured by a country. 

P.S. I think that the Japanese election system is really great!! There is no dishonesty, counting is quick, when people have voted, it is summed and the total number is always accurate.

Words in this story 
concede / unwillingly admit, yield, give up 
Concession / giving up, yielding, conceding, granting 

Ishan Bhabha : How to foster productive and responsible debate

Ishan Bhabha·TED@BCG
How to foster productive and responsible debate
Summary
In the first place, debating has to have the productivity and responsibilities of what you say. In the debate, what you tell is not your complaints or just claims but your great ideas. I think that many people don’t understand it. Now, of course, in the SNS, even in the parliament and congress, we hear heckling and booing often. What’s happening?

The speaker works to create rules to navigate ideological disagreement and controversial speech and to defend his clients from in court or the government.

It needs structures.

1, Like Trump's speech, it’s not good to shut other speech down.
2, Before the speech, recognizing the real harms that can come from certain types of speech and promoting dialogue.
3, To understand that for creativity and human progress, we need disagreement. 
4, It’s easier to speak with someone who agrees with everything you say, but it’s more enlightening and satisfying to speak with someone who doesn’t.
5, Recently, hateful speech leads to deep and lasting wounds and violence happening. The structures where there’s no polarization and no violence have to be created.
6, We have to know other important things that we’re all biased and it’s not bad. Just, we are infected by our family background, our education, our lived experience, and millions of other things. It’s including organizations and laws.
7, And then the temptation, fear of changing, or resentment are born. It will stop debating.

The speaker tells us that even if speech has little to no value at all, open debate is important rather than suppression and more speech can help, so instead of suppression, the fallacy and moral bankruptcy of hateful speech can best be responded to through the righteous power of countervailing good and noble ideas.

I think that there are huge differences between people who learn about the debate for a long time since they were children and people believe that in schools, they should memorize quietly what teachers taught. OMG 
I think that seriously, I have to practice and train my debate skills.

11.01.2020

Amanda Little : Climate change is becoming a problem you can taste

Amanda Little·TED Salon: Dell Technologies
Climate change is becoming a problem you can taste
Summary 
We realized that our food was not enough in the supermarkets, though, much meat and vegetable were wasted in factories and fields during the pandemic. The speaker tells us that our food systems couldn’t adapt to some disruptions. Because of climate change, if drought, heat, flooding, superstores, invasive insects, bacterial blight and etc happen, we will lose more food. 

She suggests The Third Way to change our food systems. It means to combine old ways and new ways. By using technology, to change spraying fertilizer. It’s reducing the use of herbicides and improving soil health. 
To study about plant-based and alternative meats is progressing. It must be better for our health, reducing CO2, and not killing too many animals. 

Providing for disaster, creating sustainable and resilient food systems, improving harvest, and our health, and then it leads to stopping climate change.

Words in this story
CRISPR / clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat

Leor Weinberger : Can we create vaccines that mutate and spread?

Leor Weinberger·TEDMED 2020
Can we create vaccines that mutate and spread?
Summary 
The vaccine of the story is about HIV and unfortunately, the speaker meets with opposition to the test. 

The speaker’s idea is to build therapies that could mutate and transmit. The viruses of infectious diseases like HIV and COVD-19 mutate and spread from person to person. Mutating means that even if you have vaccines, it won’t be effective next time. 
However, what if vaccines worked the same way, there is potential to attack mutated viruses during modifying and treat afflicted individuals. the spread of infections will be slow. 
The speaker has continued this study for twenty years and finally, it started to work, though, many people say that it’s impossible. 
However, coronavirus vaccines haven’t been created yet and people are worried about the same thing that is mutating. 
This HIV study must lead to CVID-19 vaccines someday.

Dexter Dias : Racism thrives on silence — speak up!

Dexter Dias·TEDxExeter
Racism thrives on silence — speak up!
Summary 
We are the same humans biologically, though, Racism has been endemic for centuries and it’s still justified by race as social inequalities, so we have to first understand what it is. 
You must understand that it’s not wrong that people know nothing about it, and our societies may not even suffer from racism at all. We have to be being actively anti-racist, it can’t be stopped. 
Wanting your silence and apathy leads to thriving on racism. We have to understand it.  

YeYoon Kim : What kids can teach adults about asking for help

What kids can teach adults about asking for help 
Summary 
The speaker explained about there is the moment of eyes lock. 
When kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. They would stand up, puzzled, as if trying to make up their mind. What just happened? Is this a big enough deal for me to cry? Does this hurt? What’s going on?
Usually, kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult. It leads to bursting out in tears. 
The speaker, as a kindergarten teacher, seems to think that she wants it to happen to her and she wants to be asked for help from kids. 😊👍
P.S. l was taught the moment of lock eyes from my mother, and thus l was banned to see adults when l was a child. It’s because it leads to crying and my mother also did see children when they fall. Her thoughts that children shouldn’t cry, should try to do all things alone, and adults shouldn’t help often!! Hahaha 😂

Dame Vivian Hunt : How businesses can serve everyone, not just shareholders

Dame Vivian Hunt·TED2020
How businesses can serve everyone, not just shareholders
Summary 
Shareholders mean owners of shares in a company. 
Stakeholders mean all the members or participants who are seen as having an interest in their business.
The speaker tells us that in the past, businesses were done for only shareholders, though it’s changing. Now, it should serve all stakeholders. It should be each other’s harvest, business, magnitude, and bond. 

For example, some companies started to produce more healthy food. It reduces volume, calories, and sugar. Other companies try to reduce CO2 emissions, clean rivers, mountains, seas, and sky. From now, businesses should be done not only for shareholders but for the health and welfare of employees, suppliers, even planet Earth. It’s not in a crisis but every day. 

Kevin Toolis : Our existential flight from death — and wisdom on connecting to grief

Kevin Toolis·TEDMED 2020
Our existential flight from death-and wisdom on connecting to grief
Summary

Recently, in our life, we must have too little opportunity to face the death of close people. Child mortality is quite low, Grandfather and mother live a long life. Many treatment ways of diseases are found and many people die after carrying to hospitals. However, in TV and games, much death is announced easily. You can choose death by one button in the game. Is it a good thing?

Not only children but adults must think that they can do the same thing in the game. People can’t have sympathy and grief.

Escaping from reality sometimes when we have a hard time is not wrong, though, we need to embrace our death because death is unavoidable.

The speaker tells us that individualistic societies lead to the fear and denial of death. However, living life fully means to know and embrace our death. And then, you can be strong, kind and it must create connections with others.

Kedra Newsom Reeves : How to reduce the wealth gap between Black and white Americans

Kedra Newsom Reeves·TED@BCG
How to reduce the wealth gap between Black and white Americans
Summary

The speaker is a wealth equity strategist and she tells us four ways to stop racial wealth inequality in the US.

Getting more people banked. 1)

Giving a credit file. 2)

Investing in black communities more. 3)

Opening more Black-owned companies for the fund. 4)

Leaving it is creating more gaps between Black and White Americans. The speaker’s family was working hard through many generations. We must know about there’s an inequality world and save them.