Priti Krishtel : Why are drug prices so high? Investigating the outdated US patent system

Priti Krishtel·TEDWomen 2019
Why are drug prices so high? Investigating the outdated US patent system
Summary
The story starts from a really romantic destiny part.
The speaker’s father seemed to study creating new drugs and the speaker helps to get its patent. If the drug that her dad created would be released 15 years before, her husband’s father might be saved.

Now, many drugs are invented, though, those don’t achieve people who really need it. It’s because there is a patent wall.

The parent wall is a strategy to block competition, though, it’s already the outdated system if America tries to export drugs to the rest of the world, it takes much time to issue because it’s complicated and the cost is expensive.

Not only the pharmaceutical industries are bad but the speaker suggests that the system that many poor people can use it, more new better drugs will be invented by many industries so the patent system should serve the public and corporations.

The speaker has five reforms.
1) To stop handing out so many patents because much money is used for changing only a little tweak.
2)To change the financial incentives of the Patent Office because involving a number of patents means to need much money.
3)To be able to be participated by more public people because Patent Offices should become a dynamic center by mixing citizens but the patent system is now like a black box.
4)To get the right to go to court. When so many people die or medicines are priced out of reach, we can use a court to change it.
5)To have strong oversight. The patent that is only testing is not an invention.

The patent that is to build monopolies, block competition and drive prices up is very important thus it shouldn’t become outdated.

Ernesto Sirolli Want to help someone? Shut up and listen!

Ernesto Sirolli·TEDxEQChCh
Want to help someone? Shut up and listen
Summary
The speaker must be Italian because his humor, his tomato’s story, and laughter of auditions make me feel it. He has been completely different from the usual speakers who are American or Englishmen. When he couldn’t succeed in agriculture in some African countries, his question was why you told him. In fact, the answer that he received was that he never asked.

I think that the answer is really true. It means that something that we can do and we want to do is really different to what other people want and need.

In Africa, we used much money because we wanted people who don’t have food to eat enough, though, money is used up soon so they need the system that they can continue to do and to eat all their lives. We mustn’t realize it completely but we never listen to it.

What do you need? What can you do? Can you make it? Can you sell it? Can you look after the money? Those are really important when we help someone.

Words in this story
well intentioned /adj/ having or showing good intentions despite a lack of success or fortunate results
entrepreneurial /adj/

Gary Haugen : The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now

Gary Haugen TED2015
The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now
Summary
This was a really shocking story. It’s because when just a basic law enforcement system is broken. Poor people don’t get law enforcement but most poor people live outside the protection of the law. It means that even if you call the emergency police “9-1-1”, no one comes to you. We don’t experience thus we can’t understand.

In the situation, even if we give many things, child sponsorships help many children, and the micro-loans create jobs, poverty is not the end. Lands are stolen, violence occurs, but girls are raped, though, those are not solved and only a lot of money is used. The rapists are still there.

And then only we buy security to protect people and property from all the violence. When our grandchildren ask us in the near future, can we say that it’s stopping?

We have to create a world where all people can be protected by law.

Rachel Kleinfeld : A path to security for the world's deadliest countries

Rachel Kleinfeld·TEDSummit 2019
A path to security for the world's deadliest countries
Summary
If we are asked where the world's deadliest countries are, we must answer Syria, Somalia and so on where civil wars occur.
However, Brazil, Venezuela, and the US are pointed up as the world's deadliest countries.
Those must be the countries where we couldn't believe it and the reasons for violence are a middle-income democracy with high levels of inequality and political polarization, so the nature of violence presents is changing every day without noticing.

Those lead to abandoning the notion that some lives are just worth less than others. For instance, someone raped or murdered, stolen, after those, people think easily that they deserve to do. This is devaluing of human life. Devaluing is that we barely admit even to ourselves and it is spreading.

Even now cities are at peace, we have to admit those more and we have to create societies in which the lives of innocents are safe. It means that we, ourselves, have to create. Therefore, we need more well-trained police, good politicians and good families. We need to start respecting them to protect other peoples' neighborhoods.

Words in this story
devalue /verb/ belittle, devaluate, devalue, decline, lessen, lower

Henna-Maria Uusitupa : How the gut microbes you're born with affect your lifelong health

Henna-Maria Uusitupa·TED@DuPont
How the gut microbes you're born with affect your lifelong health
Summary
The speaker works as a researcher and as a technical lead of an infant health platform. One of her big challenges is that all babies get the same shot at lifelong health, no matter how they’re born or what early life events they encounter.
For those, she tells us that there are some things that we have to know.

We think that microbes are bad, though, for infants, microbes need to be programmed correctly. 1)
Requiring checks are not the same between babies born by C-section and babies born vaginally.  C-section is a cesarean section. 2)
And then, there’s a difference whether babies are breastfed or not. They mightn’t have mothers or mothers mightn’t be able to produce milk. 3)

Her study must help a lot of babies. Before babies’ disruption, it’ll be better to be able to monitor the gut microbiota development of babies.

Words in this story
microbiome /mi·cro·bi·ome/ the microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or a part of the body)
microbe /noun/ microbial /adj/  a microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.
C-section is a cesarean section. /Ce・sar・e・an/

John Wooden : The difference between winning and succeeding

John Wooden·TED2001
The difference between winning and succeeding
Summary
The speaker seemed to be a famous basketball coach. He had to lead his team winning and succeeding. Probably, there were huge differences between his thoughts and others including media.

Thus he strongly redefined success.
He didn’t like one way of judging which only earned an A or a B. He really believed that “Thou didst thy best, that is success”. It means to try to improve the situation that exists for you with hard effort as possible.

And then not only do that but also you have to have rules which are that never be late, be neat and clean, never criticize a teammate, don’t whine, don’t complain, and don’t make excuses.

Winning is just a byproduct of making a huge effort. “The journey is better than the end”. For succeeding, continuing making an effort must be fun. Pursuing the best in yourself. I love his story.

David Pogue : Simplicity sells

David Pogue·TED2006
Simplicity sells
Summary
The talk seems to be told over ten years and it’s really funny. The speaker made a lot of parodies of the songs in the talk. Furthermore, he played the piano and sang it!! He is a columnist of the New York Times and before, he was a Broadway Accompanist. He got a job which was to write columns about new gadgets to use easier. However, problems are going to get worse... It’s because the screens are getting smaller, people are illuminating, putting manuals in the boxes, things are coming out at a faster pace and so on. I also felt where the site that I want to use is always far 〜〜

Designers think that it’s really better for gadgets to be intelligent and to pack in all features. The speaker said, ”Count the taps, please, ” if they didn’t do that, it’s far 〜〜.

The speaker’s advice which was really kind for costumes is that if it doesn’t work, it’s not necessarily you! It might be the design of the things you’re using and be aware of the life of good design and bad design. For creators, Easy is hard, the hard part is not decided on what features to add, it’s deciding what to leave out. Simplicity sells!

I think that this is not only about a gadget but also about all products which are including our company’s. I’m deeply impressed. What to leave out is really difficult. Hahaha

Tom Honey : Why would God create a tsunami?

Tom Honey·TED2005
Why would God create a tsunami?
Summary
I was sorry that my conclusion is that creating a tsunami is humans without listening to God's voices but it’s ridiculous that they think that God must stop it. How stupid humans are! I don’t have religion now, however, I believe there is God and having a religion is a better thing. God gives us a great life thus we have to live heard with appreciations. We have to decide our ways by ourselves. I think that we shouldn't request and ask something of God.

And then, on March 11, 2011, an extremely big tsunami hit in Japan. Still, people have found criminals. They say that criminals must be teachers because they didn't teach how to run away or bus drivers or companies because they must be able to choose different roads and so on. We can only give our deepest sympathies for them and we have to do the victims of a tsunami next time will be fewer as much as possible. In fact, there has been a small old stone monument that is written not to live the areas below this. We don't listen to not only God but also our ancestors.

In the story, the speaker had no answers about why God would create a tsunami and how a loving God would have done this. One of his suggestions is a new way of thinking about God who might allow us to go on, down a new and uncharted road. He said in the end, "I don't know," that just might be the most profoundly religious statement of all.

This difference is whether having a religion or not, isn't it?