David Eagleman : Can we create new senses for humans?

David Eagleman at TED2015  (transcript)
Can we create new senses for humans?
Summary
I couldn't understand the story until l watch it.
In it, new senses have had new interfaces, for example, it’s like a sensory vest that the speaker has been wearing. It can send you wearing it some information that people in previous unseen by its vibrations.

It’s not our senses that are hearing, seeing, touching, tasting, and smelling thus it can be said that a new sense has been created for humans.

In fact, we, humans, aren’t seeing, hearing, and smelling most of the action that’s going on, our brain is surprisingly not hearing or seeing anything, all things that the brain sees are electrochemical signals and the brain figures out how to use the signals just fine.

OMG, you know, the brain has just used signals, though, it's really nice, it can be used very well if a new sense is created. Our senses can be expanding so from now, a new generation where we can feel unseen something will come.

Words in this story
impoverish /verb/ make poor
expansion /noun/ enlargement, increase, development
substitution /noun/ replacement, surrogate
interface /noun/  a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc., meet and interact.

Matthew Winkler : What makes a hero?

Matthew Winkler at TED-Ed  (transcript)
What makes a hero?
Summary
I don’t particularly want to be a hero, though, I thought that l loved this story because the story was about challenges and our lives.
Soon, I’ve thought that where the place I'm in is. It’s shown which are Adventure, Assistance, Departure, Trials, Approach, Crisis, Treasure, Result, Return, New Life, Resolution, and Status Quo.

Becoming a hero means that we challenge our own life. Big or small, successes or failure, and being famous won’t be related. We have to know for our life that in the cave we fear to enter lies the treasure we seek.

Listen for our call to adventure, accept the challenge, have an experience that transforms us, recover, do it again, conquer our fear and claim the treasure we seek. This is our life. In our life, we can be a hero. Its repetition makes us a hero.

Words in this story
lay laid laid /  he laid his bag on the desk.
lie lay lain lying /  he lay down on his bed. A letter lying on the desk was written by him yesterday.

Uruguayan president Jose Mujica at Rio +20 Summit

                                                        (In Spanish with English subtitles) (article)

Address by Uruguayan president Jose Mujica at Rio +20 Summit
Human happiness and the environment
Summary
From the article, l felt how stupid we, humans, are.
I’ve heard that the president of Uruguay who lives in a mountain alone but in a small house made of woods is the poorest president in the world, though, the poorest people are us who couldn't think about anything that he thinks.

The world has this beautiful and great meeting every year, though, people continue seeking economic development, buying a lot of stuff, using energies, and saying that we have to tackle the problem of the environment.

We have to realize that we are in a vicious cycle where we think that economic development and having much money and stuff make us happy. The world always shows that the number of GDP is important. The simple question is that its enormous consumption can solve the problem of the environment.  This must be a political problem thus the cycle can’t be solved and the environment isn’t improved.

We, humans, have to think about our own way of thoughts and life for our true happiness first.

Words in this story
wretched /adj/ (of a person) in a very unhappy or unfortunate state.
vicious /adj/ deliberately cruel or violent.

Ray Kurzweil : The accelerating power of technology

Ray Kurzweil at TED2005  (transcript)
The accelerating power of technology
Summary
We, humans, become tired when we continue doing something, our growth is slow, and we grow little by little every day.
However, by using technology, our work can continue being done without taking a break, and then it's not linear but it becomes exponential.
Exponential is not double, not two times and not three times. It's power, squared, cubed, to the power four and it can be continuing.

Technology can be growing exponential, the power is accelerating and exploding. The first step took ten of thousands of years, for example, stone tools, fire, the Genome Project, the evolution of DNA, the PC, the web, cell phones, the communication revolution, counting, and those are the evolution of our species, though, those will be done in the last few years.
 It means that with working mental models of humans, that are explanations of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world, technology is growing exponential.

However, it doesn't mean that we don't need to do anything or many things that we did were wasted. It's acceleratingly growing with peril.  We have to have the will to apply those to the right problem. I think that especially, the problem of lacking energy is important because people are optimistic.

Words in this story
exponential /adj/ of or expressed by a mathematical exponent.
decentralization /noun/
decentralize /verb/ transfer (authority) from central to local government.
nanobot /noun/ theoretical microscopic robot that will be built using nanotechnology
peril /noun/ danger, risk, hazard

Sheryl Sandberg : So we leaned in ... now what?

Sheryl Sandberg at TEDWomen 2013  (transcript)
So we leaned in … now what?
Summary
“Lean in” is a title of a book that was written by Sheryl Sandberg who was the chief operating officer of Facebook in 2013. The word “Lean” means to depend, though, “Lean in” means to proactively take charge of a situation and to be bold in exerting one's will in a situation.
Furthermore, it’s to shift one's weight forward or to lean forward or towards something. The most powerful meaning seems to be taking a step forward.
The speaker is a great woman leader, though, she couldn’t say “woman”. It means that the world be said for a long time that men and women should be equal, though, the situation hasn’t still been changed after she stood on a previous TED stage. And then she published its book, create groups to be able to discuss the problem of woman. At last, people and some men started realizing. They said that they thought that there was no discrimination but they were good at it. However, it’s just hidden and it can't be just told about. By this book “Lean in”, many people started realizing. Exactly, “Lean in” happened. People started taking a step forward about the problem. We all need to do a lot more leaning in.

Words in this story
exert /verb/ cause, exercise, use

Chris Anderson : Technology's long tail

Chris Anderson at TED2004  (transcript)
Technology's long tail
Summary
About 15 years passed since the story was told. Now, WiFi has become for free if you go to McDonald or other cafes or stations in Japan. It can’t be thought by me because it’s expensive in the past thus I had to send email quickly and I couldn't talk with other countries slowly by calling when I started using the computer. It’s that the speaker is surprisingly right because he had told us about it 15 years ago.
The speaker tells us viable technology of in the near future. It’s that there are four key stages that are setting the right price, gaining market share, displacing an established technology and becoming ubiquitous.
He is a person who has popularized The words "Long tail" by his book.
It's a new business strategy. The concept in his book “The Long Tail” is that why the future of business is selling less of more.
It's because the communications are for free. The companies will be able to find a customer who lives in very far places. It can be possible until the last one because communications are for free.

I’ve read the book that was really interesting.

Words in this story
viable /adj/ capable of working successfully, feasible. possible
elaborate /verb/ develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail.

Ai-jen Poo : The work that makes all other work possible

Ai-jen Poo at TEDWomen 2018  (transcript)
The work that makes all other work possible
Summary
In this article, the work is the domestic workers doing. It’s difficult for them to receive fair wages because your nannies, wife, and children must do the work that is the elder-care, house clean and other chores. If people hire them, they sometimes never pay and among them, there are children who can’t go to school.

The speaker helps those children to escape, she suggests that domestic workers are not slaves, they also have the right to get proper benefits, to go to school, and not to be sold.
If in your home, the domestic worker is no longer working, you can’t go to your work. It’s become the title. Do you hire them with love and moral choices?
We need to reconsider the domestic work and workers because they do housework thus we can go to work.

P.S.
I have something that I’m really worried about in this article. It’s that the speaker mentioned about the children reaching the US-Mexico border. She said that they are separated from their parents, though, the story and this problem aren’t related about housework. It’s because those children must go there with their parents deliberately. Parents who don’t want to raise children or can’t do it know that children can eat there. Trump administration uses much money for that and governments go to the countries where those parents had lived in to tell migrants.
“From your counties, many immigrants come to borders, rehabilitation centers were built, and countries should cooperate” However, it continues neglecting, though, the media that doesn't like Trump said that he separated children from their parents. Each country should protect own country’s citizens.

Words in this story
domestic /adj/ of or relating to the running of a home or to family relations.