Smruti Jukur Johari : What if the poor were part of city planning?

Smruti Jukur Johari·TEDWomen 2019
What if the poor were part of city planning
Summary
This was also a great story that taught us how choices are difficult.

The speaker experienced the title: what if the poor were part of city planning. In a workshop, for poor families from a slum nearby, people chose shipping containers to live. It’s because it was sustainable, scalable, and affordable. However, a lady from the slum asked them, “Would you choose to live in it?”

Why did people choose what they didn’t want to live for the poor? They should broaden choices, not force choices on poor people. The speaker showed us some pictures and said, “accommodate poor people, not evict them, give them a choice to be a part of our cities. Cities and governments can work together.”

The result is what we can’t think. They create home-based where women can work while taking care of children, a space where large families can sleep, and a lot of individual toilets for children. Its picture really made us impressed.

Niels Diffrient : Rethinking the way we sit down

Niels Diffrient·TED2002
Rethink the way we sit down
Summary
By chance, the speaker sent a great chair all around the world.
The speaker tells us that he doled out a piece of his romance to anybody who’d pay for his chair. It’s his sense, aesthetic feeling, for the experience revolving around a designed object. He works as a designer for 25 years, he said that he started with a lot of loose ideas, and it continued roughly eight or nine years. He didn’t start with styling sketches. He loosely thought about people in the office, at the workplace.

People who work at their office are sitting in front of computers all day long. Chairs shouldn’t interfere with them, give people stress, and have a lever to adjust. His chair can accommodate people comfortably, it can automatically balance your weight almost, and it needs only a few simple adjustments.

A boy who fell in love with airplanes and was drawing it day after day became a great designer to create wonderful chairs. I like this kind of story also because it makes me interestingly RETHINK what I don’t think before.

Words in this story
steal, stole, stolen / take another's a property without permission, rob
dole /verb/ give donations to the poor; give out in small amounts, hand out sparingly
interfere / impede, obstruct

Lisa Mosconi : How menopause affects the brain

Lisa Mosconi·TEDWomen 2019
How menopause affects the brain
Summary
Menopause means the ceasing of menstruation. when this occurs, It’s sometimes using for the period in a woman's life. (It’s typically between 45 and 50 years of age)

The speaker explains that women are more likely than men to have Alzheimer’s disease that comes from brain aging. When women lose their reproductive system, it’s easy to happen. It’s because the interactions with the reproductive system are crucial for brain aging in women. It impacts our hormones also. Thus there are many of the symptoms of menopause: hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, memory lapses, depression, and anxiety.

The speaker suggests that hormonal therapy can be helpful to alleviate a number of symptoms, though, it’s not currently recommended for dementia prevention.

And then, what we can do today to support our hormones and their efforts on the brain is not to require medications but do require taking a good look at our lifestyle: the food we eat, how much exercise we get, how much sleep we get or don’t get, and how much stress we have in our lives.

Lastly, she said that it’s really important to understand the female brain. Brain health is women’s health. There are no differences in cognitive performance between men and women before and after menopause.

P.S. I've heard that MEN are more likely than women to have Alzheimer’s disease because men retire their works. However, women have a lot of works: cooking, washing, cleaning, take care of children, grandmothers, grandfathers, and etc. even if they quit their job. We have to more study not to have Alzheimer’s disease.

Words in this story
alleviate / reduce, ease, relieve

Bill Gates looks to the future

The TED Interview
Bill Gates looks to the future
Summary
Bill Gates had the TED on six occasions before and the interview was recorded in the last year, 2019 when it’s before a coronavirus spreading.

By the coronavirus spreading, the word is completely changing. The world where the story tells has been built. It’s splinting, being selfish and short-term. Furthermore, some people say that socialism like China may work more than capitalism or democracy. OMG...
Media, T.V., and newspapers diss all things too much. On the SNS, it’s said that the innovation of Facebook or Twitter will be wrong, though, It’s the problem of users.

However, Bill Gates has had a solution already in the talk. It’s that we are improving lives, stay generous, stay innovative and countries work together.

Words in this story
in·tan·gi·ble /inˈtanjəb(ə)l /adj/ unable to be touched or grasped, not having a physical presence
splin·ter /'splɪntə(r)/ break off into small slender fragments

Vernā Myers : How to overcome our biases? Walk boldly toward them

Vernā Myers·TEDxBeaconStreet
How to overcome our biases? Walk boldly toward them
Summary
I was really surprised at the example of the speaker because we must experience it definitely and unconsciously.

When you are on a plane piloting woman, you must think that it’s awesome!! However, if it’s often turbulent and bumpy, you will have a question. “Can she drive? You want a guy pilot”.
This is a bias that we don’t even know.
(In Japan, when women politicians are chosen, people are really worried, it’s the same.)

The speaker is a black woman. She tells us that black people also have biases and even if a person studies a diversity consultant, he/she also has biases.

We have to understand the fact that our brain automatically associates. Don’t think that we don’t have. 1)

Move toward instead of away . For example, try to say young black men, women politicians, foreigners, and etc.instead of away from them. 2)

Not to hide the ugliness of racism. We have to tell it to children and even grandmother and grandfather. No one deserves it. 3)

Words in this story
default /noun/ failure to fulfill an obligation, especially to repay a loan or appear in a court of law.

Heather C. McGhee : Racism has a cost for everyone

Heather C. McGhee·TEDWomen 2019
Racism has a cost for every one
Summary
For a long time, activities to stop racism are continuing, though, racism is still widely spreading, impacts on public policies, and remains divided.

For example, it’s said that black people are gangs, drugs, and crimes more than white, and then black people couldn’t use some public areas. 1)
A park is for white only, but it’s funded by all citizens. 2)
Even though a loan was not fair for everyone, it led to a financial crisis. 3)
In a factory, white workers think that they ain’t voting yes if the blacks are voting yes. 4) OMG!

The speaker suggests that only a person having a privilege gets benefit, it leads to dividing and a huge loss. About public areas, redistribution must be fair. Investing in our greatest asset means to invest in all of our people. It creates a better world.

Words in this story
racism / discrimination or intolerance of people of other races

Artūrs Miksons·TEDxRiga The benefits of expressing your emotions (constructively)

Artūrs Miksons·TEDxRiga
The benefits of expressing your emotions (constructively)
Summary
When you have an emotional reaction, it’s never logical. It’s biology and illogical means that when somebody feels something, you can't explain it well, even if you try it but it won't be right.

In the story, it’s not that a girl wants many cookies but she only wants someone to be with and listen to her. By an appearing granny, it’s solid.
A crying baby didn’t want to sleep, be held, be changed a diaper, be fed milk. Just the baby was sad and want to be with parents or someone, so you can feel what a baby is feeling to just be with.
When the speaker feels that he doesn’t want to stand a stage, when his father had passed away, and when his patients ask him many questions, naturally emotions are expressing, however, it doesn’t have reasons, you can’t explain it correctly and no one understands you. However, somebody who is with you must feel you.

P.S. Is it the same that when I study English, I feel that I want my teacher to be with me?
Does it mean that people need compassion?

Words in this story
con·struc·tive·ly /adv/ in a way that has or is intended to have a useful or beneficial purpose

Indre Viskontas: How music makes me a better neuroscientist

Indre Viskontas·TEDxSanFrancisco
How music makes me a better neuroscientist
Summary
This is a really artistic work like poetry and already opera. Somehow, I really love this talk because l felt that why the speaker didn’t give up the music and my thoughts for studying English were very alike.

Music is universally loved but hopelessly undervalued because it’s difficult to make a living as a musician in society. Simply, the speaker thought that she would go to medical school and in her free time, continue singing, though, she knew that in the medical school, she wouldn’t have time to practice singing from her brother. She really wanted to pay for expensive singing lessons thus she turned to neuroscience. It was the perfect blend of science and poetry, it would be better for understanding what she loved to use science. However, it was different to know about anatomical drawings of the tongue and diaphragm, it remained her only self-loathing.

She decided to dedicate herself full time to the music.

However, most of the techniques of producing great sounds for singing have been to repeat exercises over and over again. After all, she realized that neuroscience could help her and she became a teacher to teach a new course called Training the Music Brain. It’s to teach how to use neuroscience to develop more effective practice, so she hit upon ideas that science must make her a better musician in this generation. To feel the music and to produce music that other people feel are different skills, though, art and science seem to have the same goal that is to understand the human experience. Science will be shown by general principles and art uses individual experience. When those two work well after repeating practices, people can hear great music. Working brain well must mean that dopamine that is science chemical is awash in the brain. The working of the brain and seeking the reward of pleasure is set up a reputation. It continues searching the best.

P.S. A person who played the piano in the story was Japanese and it made me have pride. Lastly, l want you to listen to the last part where it’s at 16:02 because l can hear it “SAYONARA”, though, Transcript has been written with “Setting that up?”.
Listen to its part again, please. This is the most moving part, piano music starts, and the speaker starts singing opera.

Words in this story
topple / drop, collapse

Michael Archer : How we'll resurrect the gastric brooding frog, the Tasmanian tiger

Michael Archer·TEDxDeExtinction
How we’ll resurrect the gastric-brooding frog, the Tasmanian tiger
Summary
This was a really interesting story that told me many things which l didn’t know.
Resurrecting means to bring back to life. The speaker is focused on two projects about resurrecting which are the Thylacine project and the Lazarus project.

In the first place, l didn’t know about existing the Thylacine and the gastric-brooding frog but they seemed to be extinct about 30 years ago.

The gastric-brooding frog literally can brood eggs in its gastric and from its mouth, little frogs are born. (I’m sorry that my explanation was really poor. )
Fortunately, there have been frozen tissues of the gastric-brooding frog. The project did to take a dead nucleus from the frozen one and put it into a completely different species. ( The gastric-brooding frog seemed to be the last species thus it’s different other frogs. ) Finally, it started dividing!! In the cells, the DNA of the extinct frog was seen. It’s in 2013.

The next was also lucky that from the museum, the speaker’s project team could found much better quality DNA of Thylacine that humans had not been able to get their fingers. The possibility of the success of cell division is high.

However, is it different from cloning? Is it right to bring back extinct animals?

The story didn’t tell us the continuation of those projects.

Words in this story
thylacine /noun/ Tasmanian wolf

Ebony Roberts and Shaka Senghor : How to co-parent as allies, not adversaries

Ebony Roberts and Shaka Senghor·TEDxDetroit
How to co-parent as allies, not adversaries
Summary
After watching the TED talk, l had a big culture shock. It’s impossible!

Especially, the last part, a boy coped with great effort with what his father said and they did with high fives.

The mother and father of the boy ended their relationship. Mother decided not to live with them. Father was a murderer and had gone to prison. In fact, their mother and father also didn’t live with them. They thought that they would be able to right the wrongs of their parents, though, their relationship was over.

However, the boy tells them that they are the best parents in the world and allowed them, they couldn’t allow their parents, though. Centered in all was not themselves but their beautiful boy.

They chose to co-parent as allies and not adversaries. They try to see the good in each other as a mother and father and support each other for the boy. They hope that this becomes a successful model of co-parenting.

Probably, the story won’t be good in Japan, though, l think that it’s really better that parenting comes in many different forms, and l hope that the boy will be glowing with happiness.


Words in this story
culture shock / emotional shock which occurs when a person is adjusting to an unfamiliar culture
affirmation / emotional support or encouragement
murderer /noun/ a person who commits murder; a killer.
murder /noun/ kill (someone) unlawfully and with premeditation

Elizabeth Gilbert·TED Connects It's OK to feel overwhelmed. Here's what to do next

Elizabeth Gilbert·TED Connects
It’s OK to feel overwhelmed. Here’s what to do next
Summary
The speaker is an author of 'Eat, Pray, Love’ which is a really famous book in the world. The same as before, she talks a lot and speaks too fast so she has the unique ways of articulating what others can’t articulate.
In fact, the world should use her skills right now because it’s overwhelmed by a coronavirus spreading. Chris Anderson said in the story that there were mad, mad, mad, mad, mad days but we couldn’t go outside, we couldn’t see each other, so there are days of isolation for many people and it brings with a lot of difficult emotions.

However, Elizabeth Gilbert tells us that if you’re feeling anxious or fearful during the coronavirus pandemic, you’re not alone. You can trust in the strength of the human spirit and resilience, so we try not to overcome something forcedly when we are in anxious. The important things are that it’s a really warm, loving dose of compassion and mercy towards yourself 1) and human thought is paradox thus we can imagine something even worse. 2)

We have used our skills that are curiosity, passion, and creativity for our future, though, it’s time to let go of the future and just focus on the moment. To manage those emotions well, we have to isolate a little bit from the news. Our self-isolation is not our social distancing. Walking through a path of deep grief is not that the grieving journey is over or grief never comes again. Just people can do what is the next thing they need to do.

The speaker tries to stay away from the news so she doesn't have to be in her anger, to draw pictures like ten year child, and to write about “Love ” that is not romantic love. It’s the infinite, bottomlessly merciful source of all human compassion. calmed down and she is going to take the next intuitive right action the best that she can.

Words in this story
articulate /ar·tic·u·late/ showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently
enlightened / give (someone) greater knowledge and understanding about a subject or situation
antidote / medicine that works against the effects of poison
grieve /verb/   grief /noun/     anxious /adj/   anxiety /noun/

Queen Urges 'Self-Discipline and Resolve' in Coronavirus Speech

Queen Urges 'Self-Discipline and Resolve' in Coronavirus Speech (article)
Summary
This seems to be a rare case that the Queen of England Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ gives public addresses.

By reading this, l thought about two things that we have to do now.

One, the Queen tells us that we have to be grateful to everyone who is health service workers, care workers, and other essential workers more. They work hard in this coronavirus situation. And then, she thanks all people who are staying at home also. I think that TV, media, and SNS shouldn’t repeat only negative remarks.

Second, self-isolating must be hard, though, it presents an opportunity to slow down and pause. This doesn’t last forever, thus busy days will come soon. This is time to study something or to read many books that I can’t do before.

In the world, many will feel a painful sense of separation from their loved ones. For them, together we have to tackle the disease and overcome it.

The Queen encourages us.

Coronavirus UK: Why are people putting rainbow pictures on their windows?

Coronavirus UK: Why are people putting rainbow pictures on their windows? (article)

Summary
A few days ago, in the public address of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, she appreciates the rainbow pictures drawn by children.

Why are people putting rainbow pictures on their windows?
It’s because people want to cheer up passers-by. 1)
The rainbows aim to make people smile while they are walking by and also offer a message of hope. 2)
Naturally, it’s used as a symbol of peace and hope as it often appears when the sun follows a heavy rainfall. 3)
Rainbows serve to remind us that there are hope and light to follow even after dark times. 4)

Words in this story
congregate / collect, assemble, come together

Yifat Susskind : In uncertain times, think like a mother

Yifat Susskind·TEDWomen 2019
In uncertain times, think like a mother
Summary
Love that asks nothing in return or selfless love of one person for another must be a mother’s love. The speaker suggests that if we want a brighter future, we have to build it now in the dark times so that one day we can present with an idea of the future that we want to bring about.
What we think about it must be thinking like a mother and it’s a lens that is available to everyone.

Listen to the needs of the world.
What does love looks like in public?
Does the policy making have love?
What’s the economy for?
When we think about the root meaning of our every action, we can get new answers. It leads to building a better world.

Karin Öberg :The galactic recipe for a living planet

Karin Öberg·TED@NAS
The galactic recipe for a living planet
Summary
The speaker tells us that for being made a living planet, three ingredients are necessary. It’s the temperate planet, water, and hydrogen cyanide.
There are many planets that are made of only dust and gas, however, we luckily have water and our earth is the temperate planet because we can see chemical reactions or by undergoing chemical reactions, we can be here.
Thus, hydrogen cyanide seems to be needed. It must be the same that bacteria, small microscopic organisms, and fungi are really doing important works on our earth.

And then, by technology growing, by using a new telescope ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter and sub millimeters Array in Chile, we seem to know whether a planet releases hydrogen cyanide or not.

From now, we must find a lot of living planets out there. With technology growing, we can know more great things that we’ve never thought.

Words in this story
cyanide /  a salt or ester of hydrocyanic acid, containing the anion CN − or the group —CN. The salts are generally extremely toxic.

Yukiko Nakayama : Simple English for Everyone

Yukiko Nakayama  TEDxKyotoUniversity
Simple English for Everyone  (transcript)
I found a great talk and I want people who are non-native speakers of English and especially, who give up to study English to watch it. The speaker was depressed many times because she couldn't use English and she couldn't speak in front of many people. However, she overcame it and this time, she stood on the TED stage.
Her idea is to use only simple English. We don't need to use the usual English that native speakers use every day. For example, you don’t have to say, “I was interested in your talk,” or “I found your idea great.” You don’t have to say that. You can also say, “Your talk interests me,” because those are difficult.

We can say, “I like your idea.” This is simple English that can show, tell your thoughts, and you can continue communicating. It changes your communication. 👍

Seth Berkley : The quest for the coronavirus vaccine

Seth Berkley·TED Connects
The quest for the coronavirus vaccine
Summary
The speaker was introduced as a vaccine visionary. He and his team contributed to produce vaccines when Ebola outbroke in Africa in 2014 to 2015.

Ebola has a high fatality disease. It’s about 80 percent. Coronavirus fatality is lower than Ebola, though, it’s spreading all over the world. The world now wants medicines and vaccines.

Accordingly, we have to understand what a vaccine is.
A vaccine is, you know, made from pathogens first. By injecting it into our bodies, we are pre-immunized. Its antibody can recognize a specific virus, neutralize, and protect our babies.

However, there are side effects, 1) there are people who don’t want to inject it, 2) and this time, the coronavirus virus is changing quickly. It means that it’s a high possibility that it’s different between this virus and the next one. It means that if you are injected, you are safe this time, but you are not safe next time. 3) Is it necessary for asymptomatic people? 4)
For many people, coronavirus is mild. 5)
A vaccine is expensive thus we don’t know how many vaccines we need. 6)
And then, in Japan, there is another vaccine that is said that it might be better for coronavirus, though, it’s made for another severe disease to protect children. If we use it, we can’t help children. 7)

In fact, it’s more difficult to produce vaccines than how to use it. Thus the speaker might say that he is optimistic many times.

Now, what we can do is to practice social distancing, to wash our hands, and not to touch our face. The most important things are to stop the chain of transmission to protect not only elderly people but also health workers in hospitals. We want to wear a mask, though, give our masks for health workers and patients, please.

Words in this story
asymptomatic / a(ei) symp to mat ic / without symptoms

Ronald Rael : An architect's subversive reimagining of the US-Mexico border wall

Ronald Rael·TED Salon
An architect's subversive reimagining of the US-Mexico border wall
Summary
The speaker was working on several projects along the US-Mexico border as an architect, designing, and building it.
And then, he began to wonder whether the wall is architects or not.

The wall was that architecture could communicate ideas that are much more politically and culturally complex.

However, it was satirical and serious at the same time and there were disparities between wealth and poverty and what’s local and what’s foreign.

For documenting his thoughts about the wall, he tried to create souvenirs and games, though, it was still crazy.

The purpose of the wall is to keep people apart and away, though, people try communicating. However, the wall between neighbors, families, and lands severs those relationships.

What is the border?

I also thought that for solving problems, walls should be built, though, it’s created only subversive landscapes.

The border should be a beautiful line to be located in each country for people coming and going and we have to rethink it again.


Words in this story
merge /verb/ blend, be blended; be assimilated, combine or unite into a single body
mend /verb/ repair, improve, be improved
satirical /sa·tir·i·cal/səˈtirək(ə)l /mocking, ironic, ironical
sever /verb/ cut off
severe /adj/ intense

Alexandra Auer : The intangible effects of walls

Alexandra Auer·TEDxEindhoven
The intangible effects of walls
Summary
The story really surprised me because l also thought that building walls and faces provide us with a feeling of security, though, it is different from real security, it can’t protect us but it leaves us many intangible problems that are mental things which breaking is so hard. It remains over generations or decades.

The walls separate, create us and them unconsciously and establish an enemy. It makes us build a second wall in our heads. It’s a mental wall, it can grow so strong, and again physical walls are building. It’s repeating.

People can’t meet, can’t see each other, and gradually, don’t try talking. It creates different languages, cultures, and values. People forget the reason why a wall is created.

The speaker wants us to remember the intangible impact of building walls. Many walls are now building in the world.

Words in this story
erect /very/ upright, straight up, raise, build, set up, establish

Yve Blake : For the love of fangirls

Yve Blake·TEDxSydney
For the love of fangirls
Summary
I’ve never watched this kind of TED talk in my all life.
In the last part, the speaker had made every one screaming like fangirls doing rock music band concert on the stage, I’d done, also and unintentionally while reading, though.

Fangirl is a girl or woman who is an extremely or overly enthusiastic fan of someone or something. And then the speaker has a strong interest in fangirls of boy bands because of their somewhat lethal reputation. I thought that that must have been what my mother had. My mother always said that young girls screaming their lungs out with excitement for a pop star was crazy, stupid and foolish. Don’t do that, never do that and you shouldn’t do that.

However, the speaker had a question.
Why is it crazy? Her surprising answer is just around fangirls, excitement and hysteria are thought about really evil words in showing feelings. We can reevaluate fangirls' reaction, it’s misunderstood, it’s their really strong passion, unbridled enthusiasm, not hidden feelings, describing their joys, interests, intelligence, and capabilities.

The screaming sound of fangirls is stunning as sane, intelligent and dignified. It’s a hopeful sound that can change the world.

P.S. The speaker is a playwright, performer and surprisingly, she created a musical of FANGIRLS, but I've watched it a little. Hahaha.

Words in this story
unbridled / having no bridle on, uncontrolled, wild
dignified / honorable, worthy of respect, impressive

Anne-Marie Slaughter : Can we all "have it all"?

Anne-Marie Slaughter·TEDGlobal 2013
Can we all "have it all"?
Summary
How many women are in high positions that are prime ministers, presidents, CEOs, directors, managers, Nobel laureates and leaders in your country?
This is a question that Japanese people don’t want to answer the best and from the world, it’s said that Japan should have women leaders more.

However, is it the right way to measure about male-female equality?

The world and we believe that the most respected and powerful people in our society are men who are in high positions, thus women should be that, though, it’s only half of the real equality. The speaker suggests that real equality, full equality, doesn’t just mean valuing women on male terms. It means to create a much wider range of equally respected choices for women and for men. It should change our workplaces, policies and even culture. In the workplace, real equality means valuing family just as much as work, and understanding that the two reinforce each other. Work should come first, family comes first, work comes second, those are wrong. For life, both are necessary and juggling work and family are not women’s problems. It’s a family problem included men, companies also have to manage it, governments, of course, think about infrastructures of not only economies but care.

Hi, guys, are you still socialized to believe that men have to be breadwinners and women have to care for children? Don’t think that way. The feminist revolution still has a long way to go, the revolution for human equality can happen and it’s starting to happen.

Words in this story
juggling/ organize (information or figures) in order to give a particular impression. stand together, managed to balance
derive / extract, take from a source, obtain through reasoning
drive / travel in a car, transport in a vehicle

Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim : Indigenous knowledge meets science to solve climate change

Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim·TEDWomen 2019
Indigenous knowledge meets science to solve climate change
Summary
Indigenous people have lived to belong or originate from a natural place, though, by developing of cities and countries, they are sent at corners.

However, they have knowledge cultivated from thousands of years ago to talk about nature and to know better weather and ecosystems for living well without technology.

Indigenous people's traditional knowledge is to help them to survive and to help other people also to survive even in climate change impact or hurricanes because they directly have experiences about climate change impact a lot.

It's time to give better resilience to people who are getting the impact of climate change by combining three skills which are science discovered 200 years ago, technologies from 100 years ago and indigenous knowledge continuing from 1000 years ago.

Martha Minow : How forgiveness can create a more just legal system

Martha Minow·TEDWomen 2019
How forgiveness can create a more just legal system
Summary
We must think that our law is used to judge offenders, to let them have agreement,and to be made up for.
However, the law can remove the penalties for those who apologize and seek forgiveness. And then, not only the tool of forgiveness that is within the legal system is not used recently, but also teachers don’t teach law students about it.
Especially, criminals of black people, children, youth, and poor people don’t have a chance to explain themselves and to listen to their stories, even if what they did was to protect them.

A law should be used for restorative justice. It’s more important to understand accountability and service rather than punishment. It’s not to deny the fact of wrongdoing. Not pushing into punishment but a legal system of forgiveness is used to return to life.

Words in this story
Forgiveness /noun/ pardon, absolution, clemency, mercy
atonement /noun/ amends, indemnity, compensation, reparation
resentment /noun/ sense of bitterness, indignation, displeasure