AJ Jacobs : My journey to thank all the people responsible for my morning coffee

AJ Jacobs at TED Salon  （transcript）
My journey to thank all the people responsible for my morning coffee
Summary
This is a lovely story that the speaker gives us a small idea that we can use from today and it can make us really happy.
It's gratitude.
The speaker is a writer and he realized that a cup of coffee that he drinks in the morning makes him happy and it's come him after many people had worked for. There are people who plant coffee beans, who harvest them, deliver them, and who sell them. Furthermore, people who build roads and shops are also needed.
Why can't we thank them?
Every little thing around us is worth it. Thanking them must be great. Before we focus on the negative, let's appreciate them.

Words in this story
gratitude /noun/  thank /verb/noun/ grateful /adj/ appreciate /verb/
deceptively /adv/ in a way or to an extent that gives a misleading impression
in person /adv/ immediately, directly

Alex Edmans : What to trust in a "post-truth" world

Alex Edmans at TEDxLondon Business School  (transcript)
What to trust in a "post-truth" world
Summary
Although I couldn't understand the title, I made some sentences for understanding it.
I don't know about what to trust in "post-truth" world.  I can know about what to trust in a "post-truth" world because there is factual evidence.

Now, in our world, many people have smartphones in their hand thus they can know about a lot of things soon, though, they don't confirm whether those have evidence or not, even whether those are true or not and they make a judgment what is good and bad.
This is  a "post-truth" world

Those are only posted on the internet, though, people believe those. It leads to misunderstanding often. It means that a person who posts a fake news is a right person. However, a person who is posted by someone that he/she lies if it's not true becomes a bad person. The things and news go the same way.  People believe only one viewpoint without seeking others.
The speaker suggests that we listen to different experts say more different things.  We should not make decisions when we only see the number of likes and retweets.  It must mislead us. We have to know about what to trust in a "post-truth" world well.

Words in this story
disprove /verb/ prove that (something) is false.
dissent  /noun/  disagreement, difference of opinion

Özlem Cekic : Why I have coffee with people who send me hate mail

Özlem Cekic at We the Future  (transcript)
Why I have coffee with people who send me hate mail
Summary
This is a story that gives me courage really and I knew about differences of culture between other countries and Japan. It's that to have or try to have conversations and discussions even with people who send you hate mail.  In Japan, people don't feel that conversations and discussions are important thus in classes of schools, students do only learning, thinking and memorizing something.
However, it won't lead to creating a better world.  The speaker tells us that conversation is the most difficult thing in a democracy and also the most important.
Thus she challenges it. She tries to have coffee even with people who send her hete mail. And then she realized that people who send her hate mail just felt that she is a strange and scary person. Against hate mails, not defeat but use kindness, confidence, and courage.
She goes to their house with those and food to have conversations. When they eat together, it must be easier to find what they have in common and make people together.

Words in this story
conviction /noun/ belief, conviction, faith
demonize /verb/ portray as wicked and threatening.
common /adj/  usual, ordinary, familiar, regular, something shared

Deeyah Khan : What we don't know about Europe's Muslim kids

Deeyah Khan at TEDxExeter  (transcript)
What we don't know about Europe's Muslim kids
Summary
I am one of the people who doesn't know about Europe's Muslim kids and that there is discrimination without places where black people live. I thought that white people and brown people are the same and some problems can be solved by education, living together, parents help, being famous, and kindness.  Furthermore, the speaker is beautiful thus I thought definitely that there was no discrimination against her, though, it's wrong.
There are communities where it's unacceptable and dishonorable for a woman to be involved in music, to be so present in the media, to marry or to be in relationships with people who she chooses, and also to divorce them. And then those become culture and honor. It means that girls and kids are forced to be married and abused based on honor. This is the norm and honor. Unfortunately and ironically, its young people’s feelings channel toward violence as terrorists.

The speaker realizes that she has been the same person for a long time. She started to use a camera and films to tell people those realities to help them. There must be a way that they can live happily and freely. The cycle must be stopped and a society that supports young girls and kids.

Words in this story
apathy /noun/ lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. indifference, lack of interest, lack of enthusiasm
betray /verb/ cheat, turn traitor

Dawn Wacek : A librarian's case against overdue book fines

Dawn Wacek at TEDxUWLaCrosse  (transcript)
A librarian's case against overdue book fines
Summary
This is also a difficult problem for me because in Japan, people can use libraries for free and they don’t need to pay something when they have books that are overdue, but it’s only five books. If you have them, you can’t borrow other books until you return them.

However, Japanese libraries have a system that you can secretly return those books that are overdue. It means that you aren’t known about it by anyone and you aren’t scolded by anyone. It’s that libraries have a box to be able to put those books after libraries are closed and before libraries are opened.
I often use this box because l am busy. I can’t go to the libraries the day when l have to return books or l can’t finish reading books. However, l want to borrow other books that are expensive. I learn from my mother that reading books is very important and everything that you borrow has to be returned by you.

Japanese libraries are working by our taxes. Thus l pay taxes by working hard for all Japanese system, It might not be enough, though, people have to work for it.
From my examples, you must understand whether overdue book fines are needed or not.
I hope that people continue to think that reading books is important more than using smartphones and learn about moral.

Words in this story
overdue /adj/  late, behind schedule, behind time, delayed
fine /adj/ wonderful, excellent, small
fine /verb/ punish (someone) by making them pay a sum of money, typically as a penalty for breaking the law.
fines /noun/ a sum of money exacted as a penalty by a court of law or other authority.
librarian /noun/ a person, typically with a degree in library science, who administers or assists in a library.

Scott Fraser : Why eyewitnesses get it wrong

Scott Fraser at TEDxUSC  (transcript)
Why eyewitnesses get it wrong
Summary
If you are an eyewitness who doesn't see an incident but watches TV programs, you must experience the same things. You tell us that an actor appeared the day before yesterday and the actor appeared yesterday too, however, they aren't often the same person. You must say that you don't watch well because of the TV, but if it's an accident, you can't watch it because you will be in a panic, so the absoluteness that people say when they see or watch is not absolute.

People really believe in their memories that are true and accurate. This is the reason why eyewitnesses get it wrong.

We all have to be very careful because all our memories are reconstructed memories that are continued producing by original experiences and something that's happened afterwards. Thus our memories are not accurate and are not correct if we thought that those were vivid.

And then the speaker tells us one more important suggestion that its uncertain memories lead not to agreeing with science in the courtroom.
People have to know that scientific evidences and how those are important more than eyewitnesses without emotion that we believe in our memories are really correct.

Words in this story
eyewitness /noun/ a person who has personally seen something happen and so can give a first-hand description of it.
malleable /adj/  pliable, ductile, plastic, pliant, soft, workable
cautious /adj/ careful, heedful, attentive, alert, watchful

Elizabeth Loftus : How reliable is your memory?

Elizabeth Loftus at TEDGlobal 2013  (transcript)
How reliable is your memory?
Summary
Please read and correct this, it’s looked to run off the main subject, though.

The speaker is a psychologist who studies memories that is especially false memories. It’s different to study when people forget.

And then her last words are really soft, it’s that she tells us that we should all keep in mind that our memory is a fragile thing like liberty, though, it’s very dangerous.

Our memories are strongly influenced by even planting false memories but we can’t reliably distinguish true memories from false memories. We need independent corroboration.

How reliable is your memory?

The speaker’s suggestion is to have a discovery that we can’t reliably distinguish true memories from false memories and to be tolerant of everyday memory mistakes.

The story is the end here, though, l can’t be tolerant of Japanese histories.
About some wars, the world believes that Japan did wrong things. Especially, Korean people even now learn that Japanese is an enemy that is really bad. It’s planted for a long time.
Japan is the country that has helped many countries when they were independent, some Japanese continued issuing their visas when citizens flee from wars, and Japan donates many developing countries.

I hope that independent corroboration that people learn the world histories has really efficiency to understand false memories.

Words in this story
reliable /adj/  dependable, good, well-founded, authentic
distinguish /verb/  differentiate, tell apart, discriminate between
corroboration /noun/ supporting evidence, evidence that confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding; confirmation
collaboration /noun/ joint work, cooperation,
effect /noun/  effectiveness, efficacy, result
efficiency /noun/  productivity, capability

About a part-time job

What do you think Japanese people want to have as a part-time job?
Quiz
I thought that the quiz was an interesting question, though, my teacher wasn't interested in. Hahaha～～😅

1, What do you think Japanese people want to have as a part-time job?
Somehow, l could answer all the three highest popular part-time jobs in Japan currently!
I thought that it shows Japanese people’s thoughts. I want you to answer that also and of course. I will explain Japanese current backgrounds, you can ask me if you have questions, and l want to know about how your county’s people think about the part-time job. Let’s get started!

The third is the one that I also want to work there someday. It can give people dreams. Customers who have gone there surely can be happy. The magnifying power to enter is very high. It’s about 1/100. It’s said that the training to work is also hard thus other companies want to hire people who have experience working there. The place is where you really want to go if you come to Japan. However, it’s expensive.

The second one is the big company that has shops in the world. In Japan, many foreigners and elderly people are working there because there are a lot of its shops, workers are lacking, and speaking English is needed. When l will retire in the future, l think that l want to work there.
There are its shops in the Philippines, l think that elderly people won’t work there, though.
I often go there because it’s not expensive.

The first rank shop is where there is in the Philippines also. Probably, in the mall, there must be. Young people often use it to update Instagram. I don’t use it because it’s always crowded and it’s expensive. However, it’s really popular. People seem to want to boast about working there.
------------
The answers are that the third is Tokyo Disneyland, Second is McDonald, and the first rank is Starbucks coffee.

2, What are the three highest part-time jobs in your country?

Gretchen Carlson, David Brooks : Political common ground in a polarized United States

Gretchen Carlson, David Brooks at TED Dialogues (transcript)
Political common ground in a polarized United States
Summary
Last year, Donald Trump was elected the 45th president of the United States.
This is the story after a little while his election.
In America, Liberia is called left side and Hillary Clinton was a candidate for the presidency. Conservative is called right side and Donald Trump was elected as a president somehow despite he was said that he was a man like breaking the words political correctness.

Is there or is it returning political common ground completely in a polarized the United States? Probably, no. No one feels it, despite the election was over. People go beyond it but they are disgusted with each other, even they are family.

This TED dialogues must have had been holed to have the same political common ground in a polarized United State.

A woman guest was visited for the left side and a man guest was Trump side, of course. However, they aren’t disgusted with each other on the stage. A woman who is on Clinton side tells us that there is a lot of anger, though, it’s important to watch a television news show or read a column that you normally wouldn’t. See both sides. It means that if you’re a liberal, watch something that’s very conservative. You gain perspective of what the other side is thinking. Stop only saying that you don't like the opposite side. Learn to speak both languages. Don't watch certain entities because you have no idea what the rest of the world is talking about.

Start coming together and it would start creating political common ground together.

People must think that our world becomes better.

P.S. I love the words “Make America great again”.

Words in this story
political correctness / the avoidance, often considered as taken to extremes, of forms of expression or action that are perceived to exclude, marginalize, or insult groups of people who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against.

Daniel Kraft : The pharmacy of the future? Personalized pills, 3D printed at home

Daniel Kraft TED Salon: Optum  (transcript)
The pharmacy of the future? Personalized pills, 3D printed at home
Summary
The speaker tells us that We live in a medication nation which is United State, though, I think that Japan also deserves that.

Japanese people love taking medicines and Doctors give them a lot of medicines to get much money. Thus Doctors can say that patients ask the doctor want to give medicines and Japanese patients believe that doctors are quite right. Japanese people don't think about the number of too many pills, side effects and our much money is used.

However, those are dangerous. The number of too many pills and side effects caused by medicines kill patients more than diseases. Countries money that means our taxes are used and a few medicines' companies get a lot of benefits.

The speaker who is a doctor study about 3D printer can print medicines at each patient's home.  It can avoid giving too many medicines because by helping the computer, wearing a small patch can calculate your proper dose.

It's important to hope technology developing and to know about taking medicines too much.   If we don't do that, there is no better pharmacy of the future and medicines don't lead us to our health.

Words in this story
prescribe /verb/ (of a medical practitioner) advise and authorize the use of (a medicine or treatment) for someone, especially in writing
Physician /noun/  doctor, doctor of medicine, MD, medical practitioner
adapt /verb/ match, adjust
pediatric /adj/ with children
morbidity noun/ state of being diseased

Charles C. Mann : How will we survive when the population hits 10 billion?

Charles C. Mann at TED2018  (transcript)
How will we survive when the population hits 10 billion?
Summary
Now, in 2018, the world population is 7.1 billion. I've often heard that　in the near future, it'd become 8 billion. However, it seems to continue increasing. The speaker tells us that in 2050, 10 billion people will live on earth. However, it means that if human species might not be extinct. It can't be laughed by us because the species that is outbreak is going to hit edge the petri dish certainly.

The speaker suggests ideas to avoid extinction, I think that he has prejudices, though.
However, we can't say that because we don't have time to survive. We stop only waiting to develop technology to help us and stop only using lose and conserving.  We can't save our earth and 10 billion people if we are divided or we don't listen to other opinions.
The point is to work together. Climate change, lacking food, lacking water, and lacking energy might kill us before 10 billion. We have to cooperate to live together.

Words in this story
extinct /adj/  vanished, lost, died out, no longer existing
starve /verb/ (of a person or animal) suffer severely or die from hunger.
compel /verb/  force, pressure
protozoa /noun/ simple and old organisms
transgress /verb/ contradict, oppose, be inconsistent with