Michael Hendryx : The shocking danger of mountaintop removal — and why it must end

Michael Hendryx at TEDMED 2017  (transcript)
The shocking danger of mountaintop removal — and why it must end
Summary
This is the really shocking story because we have to know that the same things must occur a lot of areas where there is not only the danger of mountaintop removal but also the Nuclear Power Plant Accident.
Why must it end? It's because many lives have been lost but It' s said that there is no health effect.
Clearly, air and water are contaminated and animals die because of those pollutions there. There is no reason that the same effects aren't found in people. However, reports that researchers studied don't show anything true. The reasons that scientists researched are turned into people's lifestyles, smoking, obesity, poverty, and so on. And then the study is stopped by the government.
Many lives have continued being lost unless the scientific truth is agreed.

Words in this story
correlation /noun/ interrelation
causation /noun/ the action of causing something.
impurity /noun/ adulteration, corruption, contamination, pollution
contaminate /verb/  pollute, adulterate

Keith Barry : Brain magic

Keith Barry at TED2004  (transcript)
Brain magic
Summary
Unfortunately, the story doesn't have many pages to read and you can see funny magic.

I'm often deceived by emotional things, for example, when my friends or someone is worried, I think that I have to do something seriously. However, there are situations that they, in fact, have been feeing nothing.

If you can think about something skeptically, you will see through something, so magic is all about directing attention. If you don't want someone to look at your right hand, then you don't look at it, but if you want someone to look at your right hand, then you look at it, too. Thus I don't try to look there where all people see.

The speaker tells us that magic is to deal with psychological and mind-reading effects, thus you have to suppress your feeling and you think skeptically.
I could do like the speaker could take his interlacing hands.

Words in this story
interlace /verb/ interweave, mingle, mesh, entwine, intertwine, twine
deception /noun/ false, fake

James Veitch : This is what happens when you reply to spam email

James Veitch at TEDGlobal Geneva 2015
This is what happens when you reply to spam email  (transcript)
Summary
I thought that the speaker was really good at using computers like playing games and he might get money from an imposter.
I was then surprised that he said that he could do what he thought that we've always wanted to do.
Is it true? Does everyone think that?  I don't think that I want to do when I get spam email, because I'm scared but I'm a vulnerable adult. I wondered if he would be here.  The person can spend time with an imposter who is always spending time scamming vulnerable adults. At least, he would be busy at that time when I was deceived.

I got one message from Google one week ago. It was morning about at 8:30 am Japanese time.
I'm always said that I shouldn't open spam email. I knew about that, I shouldn't reply, and I shouldn't input just only my credit card number. I imagined that spam emails must be using English because many people said that and I also had gotten them used English sometimes.
However, that time, it was Japanese.

"Congratulation! You won an iPhone6! "
"Ask questions, input your address, and please receive your iPhone6."

My computer screen showed one beautiful iPhone6 and the screen was changing like Google platform. Some people put their pictures told me that the questions were easy and you should get iPhone! They got.
A small clock counted the remaining time.
I started answering. I thought that I was slow at entering something in the computer. Probably, I couldn't make it and I thought that I had to hurry.

There would be time left.

" Input your credit card number here,  Blah blah company pays instead of you do will be entered."

Why?

My computer screen unchangingly showed one beautiful iPhone6 and the small clock was also counting the remaining time.
There was a blank space that could be written on my credit card number. It was the same one I always used when I bought something from Amazon.com.

"You can cancel within 24 hours. If you have questions, you can call Blah blah company. Phone number ＋33 ○○ ○○○○ ○○."

I didn't have time to call and it was not Japan and it's needed money to call.
I started to input my credit card number there and then I had finished putting.

What happened after that?
I'll leave it to your imagination.

I don't think that I am never deceived, though, I often face such situations. I am too honest, too Japanese, and I'll be targeted easily.
Don't think that you're never deceived.  Avoid the worst case scenario.

Words in this story
deceive /verb/  swindle, defraud, cheat, trick
correspondence /noun/  support, dealing with

Hugo Mercier : How can you change someone's mind?

Hugo Mercier at TED-Ed   (transcript)
How can you change someone's mind?
Summary
The answer to how you can change someone's mind seems to be just to talk to that person to find three elements that that person has: beliefs, trusted sources, and values first, not discussing first.

It's because people rely on axioms that everyone in the field already agreed on. It means that people really believe their three elements: beliefs, trusted sources, and values. We have to find them, it's very difficult, if not people don't listen to anything.  In other words, if you appeal to their three elements: beliefs, trusted sources, and values, they must listen to and change their mind.

Words in this story
brainteaser /noun/ a problem or puzzle, typically one designed to be solved for amusement. difficult
justification /noun/ excuse, explanation, defense
reconciled /verb/ restore friendly relations between.

Kai-Fu Lee : How AI can save our humanity

Kai-Fu Lee at TED2018
How AI can save our humanity  (transcript)
Summary
The speaker is Chinese, so probably Asian people have the same thought that longer time working is a good thing and we must do more.

Furthermore, AI becomes smarter every day by itself learning,  It becomes Machine learning and it can naturally learn more, and now it is more deep called deep learning. Still, those can't be reached by our brain, it was created by humans, though. China seems to be good at the field of the study of deep learning more than America.
 AI is said to take our job, MI can do work precisely, and something that deep leaning does can't be done by humans.

Can we win against them? No, we must have a different value that is creativity that has new axes that are compassion, empathy, and love.

Thinking that our world is not fighting but coexisting, embracing AI, and loving one another will be the answer to how AI can save our humanity.

Words in this story
impregnable /adj/  invulnerable, (of a fortified position) unable to be captured or broken into.
serendipity /noun/  (happy) chance, (happy) accident, the occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.

Mary Maker : Why I fight for the education of refugee girls (like me)

Mary Maker TEDxKakumaCamp 2018  (transcript)
Why I fight for the education of refugee girls (like me)
Summary
I thought that the thought: "Educating a girl is a waste of time." have to disappear from the world.

Still, many people leave their countries because of wars. They have to live in refugee camps. They don't have a choice. Girls have to be someone's wife to eat. However, their children can't go to school, especially girls. Girls are said not to need receiving an education. Girls are not allowed to attend their mother's burial. Girls have to birth a baby boy, they will be killed by their communities.  In the cycle, the speaker was born.

Among them, only the education can help girls. With an education, they can survive. She experienced that by herself. When she had to give up going to school, a Kenyan lady and a man help her go to school luckily. She became a teacher but after that, she returns a student to prepare scholars for universities.

Educating can refuse to repeat history that girls continue getting.  It can create equal and stable societies and educated refugees will be the hope of rebuilding their countries someday. It starts with equal education of boys and girls. Education heals people who experienced wars and teaches having not only skills but understanding and hopes.  For helping refugee girls, the speaker continues to fight to create a new cycle that is an equal education.

Words in this story
intimidate /verb/  frighten, menace, terrify,
legacy /noun/ heritage. mark?
abducted /verb/ kidnap, carry off, seize, capture, run away/off with

DK Osseo-Asare : What a scrapyard in Ghana can teach us about innovation

DK Osseo-Asare at TEDGlobal 2017  (transcript)
What a scrapyard in Ghana can teach us about innovation
Summary
I was sorry that l thought that the story was just about trash that you threw away was recycled, though, it's wrong.

In the last of the story, the speaker tells us that Agbogbloshie is where the largest electronic waste dump in the world has to be corrected. It's because in there, those scraps are not something that no longer has any value but something that people can recover and remake. It leads to learning and businesses.

A completely new cycle is born innovationally. People think and learn how to collect effectively electric material, how to make it vital substances, arts, and ornaments.  It becomes businesses, though, it's too difficult. If we teach electron structure, if we bring something after classifying, they can do business more. We need to know about wastes that we throw and we must cooperate educationally and commercially.

Words in this story
Ag bog blo shi e
heuristic /adj/ enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.
precision /noun/ accuracy
amplify /verb/ propagate, expand
electron /noun/  electric /adj/ electronic /adj/
take apart /verb/ disassemble, dismantle
comprehensive /adj/ extensive, including

Sydney Chaffee : How teachers can help kids find their political voices

Sydney Chaffee at TEDxBeaconStreet  (transcript)
How teachers can help kids find their political voices
Summary
This is a story that makes me think about our Japanese education. It's a really bold talk like teachers might lose their job if they tell students those in Japan.

The speaker declares that school must not be a place where a teacher teaches his/her subject and in school, teaching will always be a political act. It's because school has to be about teaching people to change the world for the better, has its chances and practices. Especially history, understanding history for students is not a subject that a teacher teaches statically and objectively.

History is ongoing and connected to current movements for justice. Understanding history is to realize that there are countless interpretations and it leads to having powers that problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, perseverance and so on.

A teacher has to be a person to teach those and help students learn those.

Students will be adults who create their own history is a great thing. They live in their countries where they create themselves, not where ancestors made.

Words in this story
relevant /adj/ closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand. important?
intertwine /verb/ twist or twine together.
assumption /noun/ hypothesis, supposition

Robert Waldinger : What makes a good life? Lessons from the longest study on happiness

Robert Waldinger TEDxBeaconStreet 2015
What makes a good life? Lessons from the longest study on happiness  (transcript)
Summary
The speaker studies adult life, especially men in a group that is The Harvard Study of Adult Development.  The study is continuing for 75 years and probably, it's the longest there.

The answer to what makes a good life that they get from this 75-year study is that good relationships keep us happier and healthier.

And then, the lessons about relationships are that social connections are really good, but loneliness kills us, 1) the quality of your close relationships matters, 2) and 3) good relationships protect not only our bodies but also they protect our brains.

It doesn't matter the number of friends you have, whether you're married or not, you divorced or not and you're in a committed relationship or not.
Even if you fight a partner, it's important to be able to lean into or count on each other.

Words in this story
octogenarian /noun/ a person who is from 80 to 89 years old
grudge /noun/ bitter, bitterness

Max Tegmarkv : How to get empowered, not overpowered, by AI

Max Tegmarkv at TED2018
How to get empowered, not overpowered, by AI  (transcript)
Is the subject of the title us?
We have to know how to get empowered, not overpowered by AI, so it's not exaggerated to say that.
Even human created AI, though, we might be still controlled by AI.

AI is becoming smarter every day. However, people lose not only jobs but the role that we want to have. If we don't do anything, we can't avoid lethal wars against AI and we are going to be extinct.

The speaker suggests some solutions to make our technology powerful, not AI powerful.  We have to know about the power, steering, and destination of AI and invest more in AI safety research.

I can't think that we're here to celebrate to age of amazement that he said from the story.  It might be too late yet. Just we don't realize that. We would have no choice if we couldn't prepare something. AI is growing every day.

Words in this story
concrete /adj/ concrete, tangible
perturbation /noun/ circumstances, story
mitigate /verb/ alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken
gap /noun/ a break or hole in an object or between two objects.
prejudice /noun/ preconceived idea.
contradiction /noun/ absurdity, discrepancy

Christoph Niemann : You are fluent in this language (and don't even know it)

Christoph Niemann at TED2018
You are fluent in this language (and don't even know it)  (transcript)
Summary
The audiences must experience moments of aha many times from the speaker's images. So am I.
We don't know that images have such great messages and we can understand them, those aren't used languages, though. This will be why the title was decided. You are fluent in this language and don't even know it.

The speaker said, “What I want to do is to create an aha moment for you”.
The moment of “Aha” is expressed by a variety of emotions that is a delight, relief, surprise, contempt and so on.

In fact, deciphering images intellectually is effortful and nobody would teach you how to do.  However, images can tell us what to want to tell simply and powerfully like music that is making invisible languages. Furthermore, it does not tell us but it can evoke emotions.  When we have the deeper something that is etching into our consciousness before, it becomes the bridge to connect the artist and audiences. However. it doesn't work too far or too near. It means that it's not too realistic but it's not too abstract.

In the cities, images have the messages that the artist wants to tell us and wait for we decipher them precisely.

Words in this story
decipher /verb/ convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into normal language.
abstract /adj/ intangible

Susan Cain : The power of introverts

Susan Cain at TED2012
The power of introverts  (transcript)
Summary
Now, I understand that an opposite thing happens in Japan, so culturally, we need a balance to be created for creativity, productivity, and the power to solve the world problems.

The circumstances that the speaker grow was that extroverts were right and the style of being quiet and introverted was not necessary. She was said to work very hard to be outgoing and she felt guilty to have to leave books.  She thought that she was an introvert, but even an introvert could help something, so there was a prejudice even in schools and workplaces. It's that those institutions are designed for extroverts and there is a belief that creativity and productivity come from gregarious places.

However, the key is that each individual can show their all talents and you mean that only extroverts can show the power is that the world uses only half power. In the world, half must be introverts.

She tells us three suggestions to stop the situation. Stop to work with only groups. Introverts, even extroverts, need to work on their own. 1) A little more often, need time to get inside our own heads.  2) Show what you have. You who are introverts also have powers to be able to help the world. 3)
The world needs the things all we carry.

In Japan, the circumstances that we grow is that introverts are right. In the classes, workplaces, we have to work quietly and to agree with teachers, leaders, and older people.
For Japanese, stop to work alone and need time to discuss more must be important.

Words in this story
revelation /noun/ exposure, disclosure
assertive /adj/ having or showing a confident and forceful personality.

Dan Gilbert : The surprising science of happiness

It's continuing very nostalgic stories somehow.

Dan Gilbert at TED2004
The surprising science of happiness  (transcript)
Summary
These are the thoughts that the speaker researched. I think that it's important for us is what we do after reading this and the researched results might be changed by time, generation, and especially whether people often use smartphones or computers or not.

In this story, the speaker tells us that happiness can be synthesized. It's a psychological immune system all people have, it's non-conscious cognitive processes, and it helps us change our views of the world.

However, we seem to think that synthetic happiness doesn't have the same quality that natural happiness has and in fact, synthetic happiness is always puzzled by freedom to choose, a lot of choices, changing, reversible conditions, and making your decisions,

At last, he said to us what he wanted to tell us was surprisingly our longings and worries were always manufactured and overblown within us, thus we continue chasing something after choosing something.

It must tell us that we can't be happy when we seek happiness.

Dan Pink : The puzzle of motivation

This was a very nostalgic story. When I started studying English, I read this.

Dan Pink at TEDGlobal 2009
The puzzle of motivation  (transcript)
Summary
There might be many people who don't agree with this story because they think that they definitely do better when they get more salary. However, this way that means to use carrot and sticks called if-then rewards. It works only in very narrow circumstances 1) but it often destroys creativity.2) Yes, people don't hit upon a good idea when they get money. It's a bad idea, you know, it's often used in your companies, though.

In fact, the secret to high performance isn't rewards and punishment and it's unseen intrinsic drive that is to do things for your own sake. The drive to do things cause you matter. The true motivation comes from autonomy, mastery, and purpose. You must know and have it and don't be puzzled by others.

Words in this story
intrinsic /adj/ belonging naturally, essential.  inherent, innate, inborn.
oblige /verb/ make (someone) legally or morally bound to an action or course of action. require, compel, bind
incentive /noun/ motivation, motive, reason, stimulus
drive /noun/ urge, appetite, desire
inflation /noun/ expansion, inflation, swelling, growth, increase
periphery /noun/  edge, outer edge, margin, fringe

Pierre Thiam : A forgotten ancient grain that could help Africa prosper

Pierre Thiam at TED2017
A forgotten ancient grain that could help Africa prosper  (transcript)
Summary
While reading this story, I thought about the Japanese staple food that the grain is rice called "Kome" in Japanese. "Kome"  is also frightened by coming from Europe and the U.S. are best like bread, past and so on.  The speaker also said that, however, the problem of the food is not just lacking or remaining but employment, job, and prosper of the city and country.  It leads to the challenge whether we can live or not and that all regions have to tackle.

In Senegal, the speaker recovered fonio when he wrote his cookbook while traveling.
In the past, fonio was eaten by wide areas of Africa because fonio which is highly nutritious could grow in the desert of Africa with poor soil and very little water. It's called miracle grain, however, it's disappeared from the urban Senegalese diet because processing is heard when it's compared to other grain but people think that coming from the west is best.
However, technology has evolved, a Senegalese engineer received a prize for his invention of the first fonio processor machine, African rice is hailed abroad and gluten-free that fonio has is faced in the world.
There are undeveloped areas for agriculture in the ruler of Senegal where young people lost their lives to go to Europe.
A forgotten ancient grain "fonio" must help Africa.

Words in this story
laborious /adj/ (especially of a task, process, or journey) requiring considerable effort and time.  arduous, hard, heavy, difficult.
hailed /verb/ acclaim enthusiastically as being a specified thing.
viability /noun/ potentiality, likelihood, possibility

Gary Liu : The rapid growth of the Chinese internet — and where it's heade

Gary Liu at TED2018
The rapid growth of the Chinese internet — and where it's headed  (transcript)
Summary
I think that the answer to the subject that the Chinese internet is now growing rapidly is just the problem of numbers and there is some new internet because of usual internet limitations in China.

Although I tell you the same thing that the Chinese population is ten times of the Japanese population that is 100 million, the Chinese population is now 1.4 billion precisely. It means that one billion and four hundred million that are Japan of four is 1.4 billion. Only one Japan has the great sales numbers with everything. Previous China is added four times of Japan and now it's 14 times of Japan.

Although the Chinese internet form is restricted, it would lead to growing rapidly. Still, the internet has only reached 56 percent of the population in China. It means that there are over 600 million people who will start using it in the near future. It's two times of US population and six times of Japan.

The companies in the world must aim its number.

Words in this story
strenuous /noun/ intense, violent
boast /noun/ pride, vaunt
endeavor /noun/ effort

David Blaine : How I held my breath for 17 minutes

David Blaine TEDMED 2009
How I held my breath for 17 minutes  (transcript)
Summary
I really remember this story well because I was moved and I had completely forgotten that he was a magician. Not I had forgotten but I might not realize it.
It will be because he was great because he said that he liked trying to challenge himself to do things that doctors said are not possible. His stories that he did before were really fun.  His ways of talking, images, and sounds also attracted me.

Especially the sound that was just noise while he was talking must be his heartbeat when he was in the water. I really thought that.

Furthermore,  in his story, there were stories of success, failure, and sob and it had a scene that he started crying.

Counting down would lead to his magic’s  success so this was the magic. The magic is trying to stop breathing and how the story is told.

The magic is the power of apparently influencing the course of events by using mysterious or supernatural forces.

When people see the trick of the magic, they wouldn't be angry but they always want to know the trick.

This time, I really know about the true meaning of magic. I couldn't completely perceive the trick at the first time.

Greg Gage :The cockroach beatbox

Greg Gage at TED-Ed

The cockroach beatbox (transcript)

The cockroach beatbox
Summary
I wanted to know how cockroaches adapt to changing environments, though it's different this time. To understand how the brain works, the cockroach appeared.

The brain is not mechanical, the brain is electrical and it's chemical. It is made out of 100 billion cells that are called neurons that communicate with each other with electricity.

And then neurons of the cockroach underneath each one of prickles could send and get electricity perfectly in the experiment, it's a little bit gross, though.

Through a microphone wire, electricity was sent and the cutting leg of the cockroach got the rhythm. It means that the brain can send and get electricity.

Around me compares continuing living strongly for a long time to the cockroach. Even people say that it's gross and they attack the cockroaches, the cockroaches have lived perseveringly and persistently. That's why I wanted to know how the cockroaches adapt to changing environments.
It must be great.

Words in this story
impulse /noun/  urge, instinct, drive
plugged plug /verb/  insert, put in

Supasorn Suwajanakorn : Fake videos of real people — and how to spot them

Supasorn Suwajanakorn at TED 2018
Fake videos of real people — and how to spot them  (Summary)
Summary
In the video, there was our Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe and he said something that is the same thing that George W. Bush said. This was the building from his internet photos video that seems to be called a fake video of real people. Famous people never said in real life, though, we can see and listen to that is like they really said it.

The applauses occur and I also think that it's great and fun, however, it's dangerous and we won't be able to understand who says in not only the video but the world.

Recently, a lot of fake news bother us. It seems to spread not only sentences pictures but also videos. Still, we don't know what to believe. The speaker who can build such videos tells us that it's frightening, even to him. There is a possibility for misuse and giving damage. 

He said that it will take time to ensure the safety and verify. The technology can help our future when we use it carefully right.
However, I don't think so. What he said was to be able to allow any individual positive on the world to be massively scaled is needed in this way, isn't it?

Words in this story
countermeasure /noun/ counterplan. an action taken to counteract a danger or threat.
detect /verb/ discover. discover or identify the presence or existence of.
verify /noun/ confirm, prove. make sure or demonstrate that (something) is true, accurate, or justified.

Steven Strogatz : The science of sync

Steven Strogatz at TED 2004
The science of sync  (transcript)
Summary
I thought that "Sync" is something that occurs by chance simultaneously but it's a good thing. For example, when I think that I want to go somewhere, my friends also think of the same place and we meet there, we don't call each other, though.
I like such situations somehow and I'm interested in thinking about unconscious human behavior.
However, now I understand that synchronizing, I thought for a good thing, is that there is a thought that, for example, I want to go somewhere or the speaker wants to urge audiences to clap in sync in the article.

In nature, a synchronizing behavior we can see will be to just watch out for predators but in a swarm. 

Just people gathered to cross the bridge, however, they have to protect themselves with skating style because of the waving of the bridge.
Bird and fish are scattering away randomly to protect themselves from predators but they have a rule that is being in a group to protect themselves.

However, the result becomes a big problem that the bridge is failing, we only see a swarm that our skating style walking on the bridge create more bridge wave, though.

In our societies, those must often occur.  When someone knows people's unconscious behaviors, they must be able to control many things. It's interesting but it's scary.

Words in this story
synchronization /noun/ synchrony /noun/ simultaneous action, development, or occurrence.
synchronize /verb/ cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
entropy /noun/ measure of level of disorder in a system. amount of unavailable energy in a system.
emergent /adj/ in the process of coming into being or becoming prominent. emerging, developing, rising
unintended /adj/ not planned or meant.