Ian Firth : Bridges should be beautiful

Ian Firth at TED2018
Bridges should be beautiful  (transcript)
Summary
This time, this is a story of a bridge.
Bridges have been helping us for a long time.
Not only carrying something and creating communities but also there are bridges to grow and develop cities and counties and enhance people's well-being.  If there is a beautiful bridge in the city, the bridge becomes a symbol of the city and the city will be famous and growing.
And then the most important things are functional, safe, and durable. For them, money shouldn't be tight with money because people might die.
However, if money is used for design, the bridge is too expensive to be chosen by a competition.
What is true beauty?
It's to neatly work, not to be judged only by appearances, and it's not too deluxe but it's not too petty. It should continue evolving with the time.
The speaker who is a bridge designer really loves bridges.

Words in this story
stagnate /verb/ stop moving
neatly /adv/ cleanly, accurately
adequate/ adj/  sufficient, enough, requisite
obstacle /noun/  barrier, hurdle

Nick Hanauer : Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming

Nick Hanauer at TEDSalon NY2014
Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming  (transcript)
Summary
In the article, there were many words that l didn't know. First, I've never heard the words “plutocrats,” “pitchforks,” and “the trickle-down policies”.

Plutocrats mean wealthy people or financial cliques.

Pitchforks are materials that are large and long-handled forks for lifting and tossing hey or grain. In this story, pitchforks seem to not show the usual pitchforks used in the field but show pitchforks that are upward to fight by citizens.
The reason that is the anger of the people is the gap between rich and poor getting wider.

There are always plutocrats in our world, you know. The ratio of plutocrats and citizens is one percent to 99 percent, however, the top one percent shared about eight percent of national income turned to over 20 percent in thirty years. The bottom 50 percent shares are decreasing. The problem is that it's getting worse every day.  1)

The second problem is that not only plutocrats but also politicians and people believe the trickle-down policies. 2)

The trickle-down policy is a theory that advocates the wealthy in society as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term. It's thought that the world doesn't need to raise the minimum wage costs jobs because many people will lose their jobs.  3)

However, the trickle-down policy is too old to work. Our economy has to have the same kinds of feedback loops that we see in a natural ecosystem now. It's between costumes and businesses. Raising wages increases demand and hiring. It leads to more increasing wages, demand and profit, so the virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity is needed for today's economic recovery.

This thought seems to be called middle-out economics.

The message from the speaker is that plutocrats have to change their thoughts for an evolution of our capitalism, or the pitchforks will be coming. (, the pitchforks will be coming otherwise. )

Words in this story
defeat /noun/ loss, conquest
exploit /verb/  utilize, harness
inclusive /adj/ including or covering all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required.

Rebeca Hwang :The power of diversity within yourself

Rebeca Hwang at TED2018
The power of diversity within yourself  (transcript)
Summary
I thought at first that the speaker was Japanese because she looked like one of my friends. That's why I chose the article.
She was troubled about her identity and where her home was because she was born in Korea, grew up in Argentina and learned in the United States. Additionally, she was said to be Japanese from her Korean friends when she went to Korea.

I think that is why we don't like a person who is different from us.

Korean receives an education that Japanese is a bad person, thus Korean doesn't really like Japanese. The words that the speaker received must be insulting words, she explained that she had big eyes and her reaction was a foreign body language, though.
Almost all Japanese won't like Asian, Japanese is Asian, though. So am I. What I don't like is that people say to me that I am Asian or yellow.

And then, people will feel envious. I feel envious of her who speaks not only English but also Spanish and Korean and who has a Danish husband and a child who speaks four languages.

Envy always will turn heat. People can't agree with it and can't embrace differences. 

However, she was strong. She decided to embrace all of the different versions of herself.
Our world is increasingly global today. It might not need to quest your identity and tribe.

What we have to find is diversity and what we have to have is a lot of doors.

Diversity within yourself is really powerful that not only Japanese people but all people in the world need. It must be the power that the problem of admitting immigrants can be solved.

P.S. Is her sentence correct? 
"She was too Korean to be Argentinian, but too Argentinian to be Korean".
If it’s right, I might want to say that I'm too Japanese to change others or to speak English frequently...

Words in this story
insulting / disrespectful or scornfully abusive.
multiplicity /noun/ a large number.
betray / expose (one's country, a group, or a person) to danger by treacherously giving information to an enemy.
pivotal /adj/  central, crucial, vital
obscure /adj/  unclear, uncertain, unknown, in doubt, doubtful

Penny Chisholm : The tiny creature that secretly powers the planet

Penny Chisholm at TED2018
The tiny creature that secretly powers the planet  (transcript)
Summary
I'm depressed because l know that there are many things that l don't know and l can’t explain well, thus l don't know what to write first about the story.
The speaker is an oceanographer that means a person who is a scientist who researches ocean life.
Photosynthesis means a biology process of using sunlight to produce carbohydrates. Especially, plants have and our Earth is really helped by the process that they have.
In this story, the tiny creature is Prochlorococcus that is a marine microbe is said to be the most abundant photosynthetic species on the planet.1)
In fact, it's too small to be discovered, 2) it has existed for millions of years, though. 3)
People in the speaker's team thought that its sound was electronic noise.
After one year later, they realized that it wasn't really behaving like noise. 4)
It's 35 years ago. 5)
Its size is about less than one- one hundredth the width of a human hair. 6)
And then according to the research, Prochlorococcus seems to be able to take solar energy and CO2 and turn those into chemical energy in the form of organic carbon. It can also lock sunlight in those carbon bonds. This is what secretly powers the planet of the tiny creature.

It means that you might use solar energy that is said to difficultly store anytime and anywhere in the near future. 7)
However, our Earth’s environment is not good, thus marine microbes are expected to be reduced. 8)
Can we use the energy? Or, will we kill them before that?

Words in this story
pasture /noun/ grass
smitten /verb/ smite /smīt/ strike with a firm blow.
ecosystem / a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
chlorophyll /noun/ a green pigment
be doomed / likely to have an unfortunate and inescapable outcome; ill-fated.

Dan Gibson : How to build synthetic DNA and send it across the internet

Dan Gibson at TED2018
How to build synthetic DNA and send it across the internet  (transcript)
Summary
I knew again from the story that combining science and the internet is really great.

The process of the flu vaccine manufacturing is amazingly chagined by inventing a biological printer that can be called biological teleportation. In the generation, not only a person but even medicines and vaccines can teleport. 
First, the functions and characteristics of all biological entities that include viruses and living cells could be written into the code of DNA. The biological printer can read and write that code of DNA, then they can be reconstructed and printed in a distant location.

Until now, its process was that the virus was isolated, packaged up, sent, injected into chicken eggs, incubated, and you have to wait for six months to use.

In the near future, personalized medicines can be printed at bedsides of patients in every hospital without any human intervention immediately. Countries and hospitals don't need to stock and ship vaccines. Nothing is left over but is shorted, however, it can save thousands of lives.

Words in this story
teleportation /noun/  the fictional or imagined process by which matter is instantaneously transferred from one place to another.
abstract /adj/ theoretical, conceptual, notional
utilization /noun/ use, usage, employment, exercise
biomaterial / synthetic or natural material suitable for use in constructing artificial organs and prostheses or to replace bone or tissue.
fabricate /verb/ create, make, build, prepare
deposit /noun/  money paid on account, partial payment, part payment

Bronwyn King : You may be accidentally investing in cigarette companies

Bronwyn King at TEDxSydney
You may be accidentally investing in cigarette companies　(transcript)
Summary
The speaker knew that people have been accidentally investing in cigarette companies that kill many people who have cancer by smoking. She suggests a way that people can't invest them. It's used three questions that people can know whether their money goes to those companies or not.
She strongly tells us that cigarette companies make products that kill seven million people every year but they use children to make products.
And then, although there is a risk that there are families that work at cigarette companies, the tobacco industry ranks the world's least reputable industry, thus people won't need paying the costs of them.

However, in Japan, people won't listen to such a story about tobacco, even if the speaker tells us important things. The reasons are that the speaker is a woman, companies and governments have a strong tie, Japanese children don't work and can't work, and cigarettes are expensive because more than half of cigarettes' price is tax. People think that a person who smokes is a good person who pays tax, so I wasn't surprised by the title but I thought that her three questions don't have an effect.

This is a problem that all cycle has to be changed.
Cigarette companies can get gains without making tobacco.
Children can go to school without working.
People who love smoking can find something they love without smoking.
The most important thing is that there are superannuation fund systems that use much money and our tax.
Or is it good that only the death rate is decreasing?  How many numbers is it allowed?

Words in this story
complicit /adj/ involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing. colluding is to come to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose, conspire, plot, scheme, plan
oncologist /noun/ a person studies of tumors

Greg Gage : How sound can hack your memory while you sleep

Greg Gage at DIY Neuroscience
How sound can hack your memory while you sleep (transcript)
Summary
I really wanted to use this way for studying English, that's why I chose this story to read.
In the story, a memory game was used for the experiment and this time, each picture  was given with a sound. After you did this memory game, you slept.  Do you think that you listen to those sound while you sleep helps you play it when you wake up?
Joud Mari said confidently, "Yes, exactly!"

My answer is that just those sound must help you to memorize. I've heard that it's easy for us to memorize something with the sound and the color. You must have used colored pens already. After that, the sound and the color are cues to bring back your memories, even if you don't listen to the sound while you sleep.

Our sleeping time will be longer than the time when we who aren't students study and we know that sleep is when the brain transfer-term memories experienced throughout the day into long-term memories. Thus we want to use that time really.

If we summarize something we want to remember neatly with the sound and the color, it helps our brain to memorize. 

I try to use the sound and the color to memorize English words.

Words in this story
pique /verb/ a feeling of irritation or resentment resulting from a slight, especially to one's pride.
consolidation /noun/ integration
pause /noun/ a temporary stop in action or speech.
reactivating /verb/ restore (something) to a state of activity; bring back into action

Keiichiro Hirano : Love others to love yourself

Keiichiro Hirano at TEDxKyoto (In Japanese with English subtitles)
Love others to love yourself (Transcript.)
Summary
I couldn't agree with this idea of the speaker somehow and honestly, so I've never thought that I have to love myself, especially I don't want to think that it starts loving myself when I love someone who I really love. It won't be selfish. The start should be loving others.
"As", and even "One friend" are not necessary to feel. It's not a person also.  I don't say that loving yourself is not needed.
I think that you can't feel loving yourself when you really love others or you have been diving into something without thinking anything.
I love my job and I have a person who I really love, however, the reason is not to love myself but there are people who are glad because I do. It's only that. 

P.S. l searched for who he is after writing this.
He has been a famous writer who’s published some novels that won prizes. Those are L'Eclipse and Dawn that l couldn't finish reading because l didn't understand well.
However, his new story “At the end of the matinee” that is going to be made into a movie was different. It made myself convince. l thought that his thought must start from opposite sides and l might have to rewrite my summary.

The story said.
“You are convinced that you can change only your future, though, you can change your past, in fact. Your future is always changing your past. It can be said that it's changing the past and it ends up changing. Your past is delicate like that and it's emotionally sensitive, isn't it?

No one told me that and l didn't have a thought like that, however, we must experience often.
Actually, l feel that my past thought might start changing”.

Words in this story
agony /noun/agənē/ extreme physical or mental suffering.
icky /adj/ sticky, especially unpleasantly
cruel /adj/  abusive /adj/ abuse /noun/verb/
indispensable /adj/ absolutely necessary.
affirmation /noun/ the action or process of affirming something or being affirmed.
affirm /verb/  declare, state, assert
self-respect /noun/ pride conceit

Geoff Mulgan : Post-crash, investing in a better world

Geoff Mulgan at TEDGlobal 2009
Post-crash, investing in a better world  (transcript)
Summary
I don't like thinking about a profit by reselling stocks.
It's important, though, l have a question. Is it a fair business? 1)
It's true to prosper rapidly, though, it can't be said that it links important resources and money to people who compellingly need them. 2)
There are entrepreneurs who took too much money, thus their companies are going into bankruptcy. 3)
A company Fixing the future means that there are companies that are suffered with damages 4) and there is an enormous amount of money that is our taxes to help. 5)

In 2007,  the subprime mortgage problem was bigger.
in 2008,  it led to a financial crisis after the Lehman Brothers investment bank went bankrupt.
This TED talk seemed to be told in 2009 which was after those big problems.
Somehow, an economy is said to be slowly improving if something that is a big problem occurs. That seemed to be correct and the stock prices were recovered now in 2017.  However, I can't think that people could choose the better. Just other people use money to meet the world's expectations, so business will be expectations.  Personal consumption and unemployment weren't recovered.

In Japan, in 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred and the Japanese economy has become really severe.
In 2014, consumption tax was raised to 8 percent, thus personal consumption is decreasing, there is no job but there is an aging population problem in Japan.

Even now, the stock prices are being recovered.
The world business will just repeat while being a very narrow idea and thinking that only yourself is okay or saved.

Words in this story
Competitiveness
capitalism /noun/ economic system based on competition between businesses.
monarchy /noun/ kingdom. rule by a hereditary sovereign.form of government with a monarch at its head. monarchical state

Elizabeth White : An honest look at the personal finance crisis

Elizabeth White at TEDxVCU
An honest look at the personal finance crisis  (transcript)
Summary
This is the honest story showing our world that I've ever read because now, many people can't look at their personal finance crisis honestly but no one knows and says that this is one of the reasons of an aging society problem of Japan.

The problem that is the personal finance crisis is being hidden near you. Many people and, of course, you won't notice it. 1)
The personal finance crisis means to move into people's senior years with declining choices to earn a living. 2)
Even people save money, but it's not enough and there is no retirement saving. 3)
You don't have condos, a husband or wife and you might lose your job, even if you graduated from a high-level university or can't receive your payment. 4)
When you are over sixty years old, you won't have your job but the systems that are retirement income, the saving and pension, and social security won't work. 5)
People live longer,  thus there is a possibility for them to live 25 years or 30 years after retirement.  6)
In the country, there won't be big rescue and big bailout in the works.  7)

The speaker wrote a book about those situations and created a community to fight them.
The country and citizens need a new way on how to live a richly textured life on a much more modest income.
what is the true meaning of longevity?  It must not be to only treat diseases and success shouldn't be defined by income.

Words in this story
longevity /noun/län-,lônˈjevətē/ long life.

Tim Jackson : An economic reality check

Tim Jackson at TEDGlobal 2010
An economic reality check  (transcript)
Summary
I think that the speaker is an economist after all.
People must think that it's time to protect our Earth from climate change, even if economic GDP numbers are falling, however, his opinion seems to be different from that. 1)
I think that the example he shows in the talk that the system of a company works by drawing revenues from sponsored links is not right.
Sponsors have to create more products to give for advertisement. Even if allocating revenues to a rainforest protection,  the number of releasing carbon is not reducing.
GDP fell but a country's more beautiful and our lives are better is not wrong.
The world has to redefine a meaningful sense of prosperity that the speaker tells us will be right.
We have to check correctly what to do for our economy.

Words in this stoy
perverse /adj/  awkward, contrary, difficult, unreasonable

Emily Levine 2: How I made friends with reality

Emily Levine at TED2018
How I made friends with reality  (transcript)
Summary
Summary
Again, I've read a difficult story. Why l chose this is that l thought l might be able to understand her previous story after reading this. However, l couldn't understand both.
At last, I've written its summary. Does it mean that l can understand this?

The speaker had told the same story in this story and in the previous story. Why are those related because the story seems to be about her friends’ story and the previous one was about her qualities?
Additionally, the end of her words was scary. Is she dying?

She said, "For every audience I've ever had in the past and present, thank you so much for making my life real."

I have something that I'm thinking of those words that I want to say when I face my death.
It's because people said in other TED talks that they wanted to spend time with their family or friends, they worked too much and they should play more when they faced their death. Those are negative words that I don't want to say for my life and my gift. 

The speaker and l have the same thought, don't we?

By skipping the difficult parts of the story, l think that friend in the talk must be death. It's because she said that there is the interaction between life and death, thus defeating death without killing of life doesn’t make sense to her. 

The answer how she made friends with reality is that there are different theories though all things are agreed on one thing, so reality comes into being through an interaction. Reality, life, and death will be friends when we live, work, and do something hard. 

Words in this story
outlandish /adj/ foreign, alien,  weird
withstand /verb/  resist, weather, survive, endure
resistance /noun/ electrical resistance, opposition
resilience /noun/ the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, toughness.
coherence /noun/ the quality of being logical and consistent.

Steve Boyes : How we're saving one of Earth's last wild places

Steve Boyes at TED2018
How we're saving one of Earth's last wild places  (transcript)
Summary
I hope that humans don't change some places remaining  still  intact in nature, so I  thought that humans will be tested our right, not to explore something, though, those places have to be explored to protect because of being extinct.

African place name is difficult. I searched for the Okavango by using Google map after reading the article, it showed me a river, delta, lily pad, mokoro that I didn't know immediately, and it made me think that the speaker would take all those photos. 

He has explored where places are undocumented since 2001. Those beauties are that we haven't ever seen.

However, the remaining wilderness faces a crisis that is extinction but is unprotected.

We have to know that our human life is at the expense of the other lives. Only humans live is improbable. It must not occur.

Words in this story
intact /adj/ not damaged or impaired in any way; complete.
decimate /verb/ kill, destroy, or remove a large percentage or part of.
extinction /noun/ the state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct.

Joshua Prince-Ramus : Behind the design of Seattle's library

Joshua Prince-Ramus at TED2006
Behind the design of Seattle's library  (transcript)
Summary
Somehow, l couldn't read the article honestly.
Probably, I thought that it's difficult to present projects, especially for expensive buildings.

Huge money is needed, there are favored interests and opposed options there, it's easy to say something after a building was built, no one knows what would happen in the future, and people’s actions or culture might be changed dramatically also.

The speaker explains his three projects: the Seattle Central Library, the Dallas Theater, and the Time Warner Building.
His mottos are a hyper-rational process, there is no authorship, and the high modernist notion of flexibility.
In fact, the conclusion came from rationality, people couldn't expect, though. 1)
His idea is not creating a sketch by the traditional master architect and carrying out by his minions but editing with teams. 2)

And then I don't understand the high modernist notion of flexibility because the speaker tells us that it challenges and it doesn't really work.
Simply, this strategy is how a high modern building that the speaker really wants to build builds first but not asking a building you want.
It's because dwarves appear.  This is a joke. 
The speaker wanted to build a high modern building that no one built ever and everyone has never seen. The ways are operational casts are starting to dwarf capital casts and possibilities also. And then when some problems happen, it shows that those can solve flexibly.  3)
Normally, you have to say that this building can be solved all problems that everyone can think, though, you wouldn't be able to build a unique building that you really want to build.
The strategy must be what is behind the design of Seattle's library.

P.S. I found the reason that l couldn't read the article honestly.
It's that the speaker told us many times in the talk that it was very difficult to convince the librarians and he didn't know the future of the library and books. It must be true what is behind the design of Seattle's library. 1)
The idea that the library in your city has to be famous is great, though, Japanese libraries are poor because cities don't have budgets but citizens don't think about the significance of libraries in their cities and publishers start saying that the reason that books aren't sold well is that there are libraries additionally. What a crazy thing it is! 2)

Words in this story
flexibility /noun/ the quality of bending easily without breaking.
dwarf /noun/ dwarves, small person
dwarf /verb/ cause to seem small or insignificant in comparison.
comprehensive /adj/ complete, including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.
transcendence /noun/ existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level. excellence, supremacy

Emily Levine 1: A theory of everything

Emily Levine at TED2002
A theory of everything  (transcript)
Summary
What is this story?
I didn't understand and couldn't laugh at the story at all, audiences were laughing while talking, though. Thus I don't like comedians and philosophers whose stories are too difficult. The laughter makes fun of me.
However, unable laughing is because of your point. Thus the speaker's story must be true.

First, l am also going to write my quality because l couldn't understand the story but think that it's related somehow and she seemed to talk about her qualities.

According to a book of StrengthsFinder, all people have five qualities to develop certain skills more easily, even if you are failing, those must really help you. Why can't you use them?

My five strengths are Achiever, Ideation, Learner, Deliberative and Input. When l knew them, l was really shocked. However, my friends told us that l should love them. When I started to use them, l recognized that the speaker said that the shock of recognition at the shock of recognition that is like feeling this is who l am. I must be able to enjoy my life, l have my favorite work, and I can make time to study English.

Probably, when the speaker would feel what l felt, she experienced earlier than me, though.

Finally, l came here and she seems to have five quality also.

The boundary crossing seems to mean that you are not in a stereotype. 1)
Non-oppositional strategies mean not to deny the other person’s reality. Accepting that there is contradiction anywhere and finding paradoxes leads to ironic jukes. It creates your laugh 2)
Smart luck is like Ideation. 3)
The shock of recognition means to recognize the shock of recognition. 4)
Being always on the road means that you are free and you can do what you want to do always. 5)

I heard the word "a trickster" for the first time. A trickster is just the speaker whose character is in her life.
She can be a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or make something anthropomorphization. She exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and conventional behavior.

It's difficult for such a great person who is her to recognize that there is a contradiction anywhere but you shouldn't deny the other person's reality. It leads to all and this must be a theory of everything.

Words in this story
anthropomorphization /an thro po mor phi za tion/ personification.

Lindsay Malloy : Why teens confess to crimes they didn't commit

Lindsay Malloy at TEDxFIU
Why teens confess to crimes they didn't commit  (transcript)
Summary
I think that this trouble won't be solved by only this story, of course,  this can't happen, though.

The speaker picks up a recent sad trouble that some teens who didn't commit confessed to committing by police severe interpretation probably.

In interrogations in the US, police are allowed to interrogate juveniles just like adults. Police who lies to suspect isn't banned, even with intellectually impaired teens. And then juveniles can't ask their parents or can't be with them.

In the UN, lying to suspect is banned.

And then in Japan, a problem is that a punishment is too light for juveniles. Even if they kill some people, they can normally live after some years in jail.

The teens confess must show your country. People think that policemen should be strong, citizens have to have a responsibility to live, and a relationship between parents and child have faith and love.

Words in this story
interrogate /verb/ interrogation /noun/  questioning
incarcerate /verb/ imprison or confine.
debrief /verb/ cross-examine, interview, interrogate, question

Jakob Magolan : A crash course in organic chemistry

Jakob Magolan at TEDxUIdaho

A crash course in organic chemistry (transcript)

A crash course in organic chemistry
Summary
I think that I will pass a chemistry test if I summarize this story.
His crash course in organic chemistry was fun though in my school, chemistry classes were boring.
Probably, many people think that, so we fear and hate chemistry classes because we think that it's too difficult and boring. We try to avoid it and we don't go near it.
The speaker tells us that the class shouldn't be easier. (I was sorry that I thought it should be easier immediately.) It's because a basic knowledge of organic chemistry is valuable.
Although I was surprised by his last words, this is true.
Organic chemistry is a core substance in our earth and it can be a window through which the beauty of the natural world looks richer. It leads to not only knowing medicines, energies, and fuels that we use every day and helping us but also breaking our Earth.
P.S. Just Japan faces this problem. We experienced a nuclear accident in Fukushima. It's said that nuclear is dangerous though it helps many people. Now is the time for studying organic chemistry, not feeling fear and not avoiding.
The handsome speaker is a professor Jakob Magolan who is a synthetic chemist and assembles new molecules to discover new medicines.


Words in this story
veterinarian /noun/ a person qualified to treat diseased or injured animals.
over willing / over joy
inexcusable /adj/ too bad to be justified or tolerated.
pupils /noun/  student, the iris of the eye
dilate /verb/  expand

Elif Shafak : The revolutionary power of diverse thought

Elif Shafak at TEDGlobal>NYC
The revolutionary power of diverse thought  (transcript)
Summary 
I'm afraid of reading the same article because what I didn't understand will be revealed. 1)
I feel that what you can see is not one thing.  My answer in the class wouldn't be considered deeply, 2) my Japanese skill has to be trained like studying English 3) and the country Japan must be different from Japan where foreign people know. 4)

"Can you taste words?" 
The story starts the sentence, the speaker's answer is yes, and the words that are the main homeland that is "yurt" in Turkish is the taste of freedom. It is the word that she is the most interested in now.

What if I was asked the question and if I answer with her story...
"Can you taste words?" 
My answer will be no because I learned not to show my emotion and the taste of the words my main homeland is closure. It is the country Japan.

I've just remembered that I would write about Japanese color was pure white willingly on my previous summary.
I didn't notice that the title told quite important things and the revolutionary power of diverse thought is what Japan needs.  

People who shout down, stop talking because the truth is complicated, and remain silent for fear of complexity are Japanese people.  

I don't know that the reasons are in the past, the shogunate closed the country to foreigners or the country was defeated in war or the country is surrounded by the sea or people don’t study their histories.

Surely, I was being a small place where there was no revolution and diverse thought before I started studying English. I read Japanese books without tasting words and knowing true meanings and just studied for being hired a job or passing some tests. However, the country is at peace, terror doesn't occur, there are no activists, people talk about worthless things hard but they don't discuss political issues openly. They must be numb already and they wouldn't know that the loss of diversity is a major loss. 

Why can this article see the world precisely?
Tasting words must mean to be able to see the true meaning that is hidden.

Our world is full of unprecedented challenges. 
Diverse thoughts must hold the key.  

--------

I will show you my previous summary of November 12, 2017.
I think that not "no binaries in politics" but binary oppositions are everywhere. OMG

The revolutionary power of diverse thought  
Summary 
We must taste words more freely.
The speaker tells us that she can taste words. 
The taste of her motherland “Turkey” is a mixture of sweet and bitter and “Storyland” that writers write is the taste of freedom.
Then I wonder what the taste of my country “Japan” is.
I think that it's the taste of the white rice. Japanese rice is exceptional and it's different from other countries. 

It's affected where it's made and which water is used.  
Sushi rice is used for vinegared rice and Onigiri is put on salt. 
Some people say that it has no taste though it means the Japanese rice goes well with anything. 
The Japanese white rice is pure and has innocent taste.  
Japanese people say that they want to eat the white rice when they remember motherland Japan or their mothers. After traveling overseas for a long time, they often say that.  

The speaker would seek freedom and diversity because there are no binaries in politics, emotions, and even our identities.  No one notices the devastation that loss of diversity brings.  
The truth is complicated, thus we would stop talking and shut down our minds. 
However, she tells us that we should never, ever remain silent for fear of complexity. 
Words have the revolutionary power of diverse thought. 


Words in this story 
indispensability /noun/ vitalness
shogunate /noun/ old feudal government
unprecedented /agj/  unheard of, unknown, new

Caroline Harper : What if we eliminated one of the world's oldest diseases?

Caroline Harper at TED2018
What if we eliminated one of the world's oldest diseases?  (transcript)
Summary
From ancient period, some diseases kill a lot of humans and animals and 10 oldest diseases that I've researched are as follows.
10 Cholera
9  Typhoid
8  Leprosy
7  Smallpox
6  Rabies
5  Malaria
4  Pneumonia
3  Tuberculosis
2  Trachoma
1  Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
And then we haven't all exterminated yet.  People are struggling somewhere in the world even now.
However, there are some diseases that are not intractable among those. Trachoma is one of them. Of course,  money is needed though it's completely preventable.
Trachoma is a bacterial infection that is passed from person to person and by flies. Children's eyelids are scared and they touch their eyes with its hand, it affects their mother, and they will go blind.
The speaker suggests the strategy called the SAFE to fight Trachoma. The SAFE means surgery, antibiotics, face washing, and environment.
Training nurses surgically and donating antibiotics can help patients from Trachoma. Teaching kids how important to wash their faces and creating maps where Trachoma spreads really help people.
The speaker hopes that our world is freed from Trachoma. Yes, we can.

Words in this story
vicious /adj/  brutal, ferocious, savage
be freed of, be delivered from , be released

Travis Rieder : The agony of opioid withdrawal — and what doctors should tell patients about it

Travis Rieder at TEDxMidAtlantic
The agony of opioid withdrawal — and what doctors should tell patients about it  (transcript)
Summary
Opioids help you when you are seized with sharp pains by cancer or other circumstances. Killing the unbearable pain is very important, however, there is a problem that prescribing opioids too much is killing patients. And then it seems that doctors don't know that or even if they know, they continue to give opioids to patients.
I think that many people can get benefits from prescribing opioids but no one can protest because patients don't feel a pain by taking opioids and they will die.
The speaker was lucky to be said tapering opioids.

Fighting was really tough and severe. Sleepless nights were continuing, thoughts giving up had come to him many times. He'd decided to use opioids, though, its bottle hadn't been opened when he woke up. It's like hell, but it wouldn't be hell because he is alive.

Doctors and we have to think how to use opioids more seriously.

Words in this story
taper /verb/ diminish or reduce or cause to diminish or reduce in thickness toward one end. narrow, thin (out), come to a point, attenuate
insomnia /noun/ habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep.
alternate /verb/ occur in turn repeatedly.

Reed Hastings : How Netflix changed entertainment — and where it's headed

Reed Hastings at TED2018
How Netflix changed entertainment — and where it's headed  (transcript)
Summary
The word "streaming" is now used as a method of transmitting or receiving data. Definitely, you must think that it's more useful than we download something that is especially video and audio material, so while subsequent data is being received, it's over a computer network as a steady continuous flow and allowing playback to proceed.
Don't need to wait anymore, to borrow DVDs, to use TV screen and to go to theaters.
You can watch a lot of programs soon and anytime and anywhere because you can use your computers and smartphones in your hand.
This is one of the reasons that Netflix changed entertainment. 1)
 And then Netflix started to serve sensational original shows,  2) entered China, 3) and invested a lot of money to create better algorithms. 4) The Chinese population is ten times of Japan and about three times of the United States. That's important and it's also important to feature the right content to the right people because some contents take people out violent or sexual programs.
The speaker wants his contents to lead better education for kids and he wants to line and win against Disney and HBO: Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network.
New technologies are changing our world and TV is becoming obsolete.

Words in this story
streaming /adj/ relating to or making use of a form of tape transport, used mainly to provide backup storage, in which data may be transferred in bulk while the tape is in motion.
pros and coins /the favorable and the unfavorable factors or reasons.  advantages and disadvantages.
alignment /noun/ arrangement in a straight line, or in correct or appropriate relative positions.
presume /verb/  assume, suppose
satellite /noun/  space station