Stewart Brand 5 : The dawn of de-extinction. Are you ready?

Stewart Brand at TED 2013
The dawn of de-extinction. Are you ready?  (transcript)
Summary
The speaker's stories always surprise us.

We know that human semen and a woman’s eggs are extracted, frozen and stored. Thus, of course, frozen animals' DNA is properly conducted, isn't it?

I didn't know that even pretty badly bird's DNA can be reassembled the whole genome and the whole bird. 1)

The DNA from even dead last animal's ear is taken and planted it as a cloned egg in a similar current animal. A live baby can be born. Its animal was thought extinct. 2)

There's no breeding pairs life, but a cloned baby can be born, 3) and IPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells can be turned into germ cells of sperm and eggs. 4)

His activity: Revive and Restore that push de-extinction generally is human responsibility. 5)
It's not creating ancient species but it's recreating extinct ecosystem. 6)
Human interference in nature made a lot of animals and birds go extinct but changed the whole ecosystem. 7)

The speaker tells us that realizing extinction, protecting, reproducing and returning the whole ecosystem are human responsibilities.
The title has been meant to extinct extinction.

Words in this story
dawn /noun/  daybreak, sunrise, first light, daylight
extinction /noun/  dying out, disappearance, vanishing, extermination, destruction, elimination
slaughter /noun/ killing
specimen /noun/  sample, model
ecosystem /noun/ a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
synthetic /adj/ man-made

Stewart Brand 4 : Debate: Does the world need nuclear energy?

Stewart Brand + Mark Z. Jacobson at TED 2010
Debate: Does the world need nuclear energy?  (transcript)
Summary
I was surprised that many people were in favor of using nuclear energy. However. this subject was debated in 2010. I think that people would change their minds after the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011.

Does the world need nuclear energy?

Stewart Brand is in favor of this and engaging this. He is an environmentalist.
Thus he tells us that from an environmental standpoint, the waste from nuclear is far lesser than from coal. 1)
Now, energy sources of coal, gas and hydro are maxed out but solar, wind and the other renewables are still not enough, 2) and the better small reactors must be developed soon. 3)
Now, even decommissioned warheads become our electric energy. 4)
Then nuclear energy is clean energy and many countries distinguish nuclear weapons from nuclear energy. 5)
The audiences who are in favor said that the risks of overheating the planet outweigh the risk of nuclear incident 6) and people should recycle nuclear weapons. 7)

Mark Jacobson is against nuclear.
He has the detailed calculations of the relative impacts of different energy sources. It shows that wind and concentrated solar have lowest CO2. 1)
The construction time of nuclear power plants is much time. While we're waiting around for your nuclear, we have to run the regular electric power grid. It becomes the opportunity cost. 2)
Those time must be used to develop wind and concentrated solar energy. 3)
Nuclear weapons proliferation is definitely associated with nuclear energy proliferation. 4)
And then an audience said that the propaganda shouldn't show that only nuclear is safe 5) and renewable energies are still not enough. 6) Before the better small reactors must be developed, the world must not have disastrous nuclear power but new alternative energies soon. 7)

I understand that the meaning of both wins. We have to use only both advantages, thus the study of renewable energy and its use have to be progressed more. It includes recycling nuclear. In Japan, we can't hear the discussion about renewable energy, even now in 2018.

Words in this story
disastrous /di・sas・trous/dɪzˈæstrəs/adj/ causing great damage.
proliferation /pro・lif・er・a・tion/

prəlìfəréɪʃən/noun/ rapid increase in numbers.
renewable /adj/ (of a contract, agreement, etc.) capable of being renewed.
alternative /noun/ option, choice, other possibility
outweigh /verb/ be heavier than. be more important than

Stewart Brand 3 : 4 environmental 'heresies'

Stewart Brand at TED 2009
4 environmental 'heresies' (transcript)
Summary
The speaker explains 4 environmental 'heresies' in our world. Heresy means belief or opinion that is contrary to orthodox religious doctrine.
Those are cities, climate, electricity, and Geoengineering, so those are not ordinary. He said, "We are as Gods, and we have to get good at it".

Cities go toward rapid urbanization, especially in the developing countries and villages are emptying out. Subsistence farming is drying. Even in slums, there is everything there and people are helping each other solve issues. Then cities luckily stop the population bomb. However, saving villages need our help with a good road and electrical power.  1)

Climate is going to keep getting worse. Drought and flood are caused by climate change and those occur climate refugees, resource wars and chaos wars. In there, many people can't make a living. 2)

Electricity is definitely needed to live. However, hydro maxed out, coal loses the climate. Nuclear might save the climate, but using nuclear leads to nuclear weapons. 3)

In geoengineering, genetically engineered food crops are the most rapidly successful agricultural innovation. It's good for the environment. It can leave good soils, reduce pesticide, keep less carbon dioxide, and people will eat enough food. However, Geoengineering has a moral issue and other problems what facilities decide, who does and how much they do. Then if one country starts to do, it'll lead to war. 4)

Words in this story
establish /verb/  set up, start, initiate, institute, build
discipline /noun/ /dis・ci・pline/ /dísəplɪn/  control, training, teaching, regulation
aggregate /noun/  total, combined, gross
squatter /adj/ short and thickset; disproportionately broad or wide.
proliferation /pro・lif・er・a・tion/ /prəlìfəréɪʃən/ rapid increase in numbers.

Stewart Brand 2 : What squatter cities can teach us

Stewart Brand at TED 2006
What squatter cities can teach us  (transcript)
Summary
Squatter means to broad or wide disproportionately broad or wide. The speaker said that it used to be Paris, London and New York were the largest cities though it ends. Forthmoe, villages of the world are emptying out.
It is because people are the dominant designer to get out of poverty and the cities are squatter cities which have infrastructures and everything. There's no unemployment in squatter cities. And then, what we didn't think that it stops the population bomb.
Is it a good thing for our Earth, lights in each house become beautiful illumination, though?

Words in this story
squatter /adj/ short and thickset, disproportionately broad or wide.

Stewart Brand 1 : The Long Now

This story is a little bit old though I didn't know that the speaker appeared six on TED sage. I decided to read them from an old situation.

Stewart Brand at TED 2004
The Long Now  (transcript)
Summary
I love the speaker's framework of the project.

The project is the Clock of the Long Now. It's to create a timepiece that counts down the next 10,000 years because it helps that people can get long-term thinking automatically and commonly.  It means that humanity get into the habit of thinking of the "now" not just as next week or next quarter but next 10,000 years that can show civilization and can understand it.
Then it's, after all, taught by mountains when the speaker thought where he put the clock, and he said that the design problems of a project like that are just absolutely delicious.

The framework when people reach the clock has the seven mythic adventure stages.

The image is a picture you have in your mind of goal at the end of the journey. 1)
The embarkation is a point of transition from ordinary life to being a pilgrim on a quest. 2)
A labyrinth is a place where you get disoriented difficulty though you have to go through it because it makes you reintegrate deeply. 3)
A beacon is to draw you from the labyrinth. 4)
The payoff is a secret payoff that you didn't expect that caps what you did expect. 5)
The return means that you've got to have a gradual return to the ordinary world. 6)
Last, a reward is a physical object you can touch. 7)

We mustn't think that just houses or stone buildings can help the clock. When those all frameworks are completed, the clock will be the eventual monumental clock that can continue ticking for 100 centuries beautifully.
No one who lives now makes sure of a fact, but this is a great project that can be thought that someone who lives 10,000 years later can see.
I think this framework leads to all things that are our studying, businesses, and our own lives. What you live is like continuing forever.

Words in this story
pathetic /adj/  sad, touching, poor
durable /adj/ able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
humanity /noun/ humankind, mankind
embarkation /noun/ boarding, start, launch, outset

Christopher Ategeka : How adoption worked for me

Christopher Ategeka  at TEDGlobal 2017
How adoption worked for me  (transcript)
Summary
Our world should be full of this kind of stories.
People can show strangers true love, you matter, and your dreams matter
The speaker lost both his parents when he was very very young. Then people may think that adopting kids is not good, it can turn negative to positive when people embrace multiculturalism, love, empathy, and compassion for others, though. He was given those from new parents.
He tells us that we may not be able to solve the bigotry and the racism of this world today, but we can raise children to create a positive, inclusive connected world full of empathy, love, and compassion.
LOVE WINS.

PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY PRETTY GOOD 

Words in this story
bigotry /big・ot・ry /bígətri/ /noun/ bias, prejudice
acquire /verb/ obtain, win, get
generosity /noun/ tolerance
multiculturalism /noun/ the presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Sandi Toksvig : A political party for women's equality

Sandi Toksvig at TEDWomen 2016
A political party for women's equality (transcript)
Summary
The speaker created a brand new political party to keep talking about equality like it matter. The name is The Women's Equality Party.
It's because she felt that first, the representation of women in positions of power is shockingly low because they're not at the table. However, even if they're there, they always find something better to do than to sort out the pesky issue of inequality.
She didn’t like doing to be a secret and she wanted to be the only political party in the world whose main aim was to no longer need to exist. It's going to get equality in every aspect of our lives. Now, it leads other parties to starting to tackle gender equality.
She hopes people around the world will copy her party's model and mobilize for equality.

Words in this story
pesky /adj/ troublesome, annoying, bothersome
mobilize /verb/ move, run, operate, shift,
hilarious /adj/ extremely amusing
majestic /adj/ magnificent, grand
bicker /verb/  quarrel, argue

Elizabeth Lesser 1 : Take “the Other” to lunch

Elizabeth Lesser at TEDWomen 2010
Take “the Other” to lunch  (transcript)
Summary
Starting is negative other-izing and then morph into violent extremism.

"Other" refer to difference. It's the difference a person or thing or one already mentioned or one already known about. 
By adding "ize," the words that are  adjectives and nouns turn to verbs.
"Otherize" and "other-izing" will be used when you say that this is different from you, that is different from you, these are different from you but those are also different. When you always think about others are different, you will be exclusive. It leads to violent extremism but this is our today's world.

The speaker found it from her own personality. She has two primary personalities that have been in conflict and conversation within her.
However, it must help all of us to counteract the tendency to "otherize". Existing two sides is important if we can believe in each other's sincerity. It doesn't try to change the other but just try to talk and have lunch together. It must lead to acknowledging each other 's openness, the differences don't melt, though.

It takes too much time, However, this is the first step to know each other and to reach toward each other. We can throw away the labels, know-it-all, and arrogance. Try to take “the Other” to lunch.

Words in this story
exclusive /adj/ excluding or not admitting other things.
altruistic /adj/ showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others; unselfish.
morph /verb/ change smoothly from one image to another by small gradual steps using computer animation techniques.
perceive /verb/ notice, realize  precise /adj/ accurate  precious /adj/ valuable

Marily Oppezzo : Want to be more creative? Go for a walk

Marily Oppezzo at TEDxStanford 2017
Want to be more creative? Go for a walk (transcript)
Summary
Yes, l think so that writing something is that we filter it.

The speaker tells us five ideas that we can be more creative.
We don't think about brainstorming intentionally when we walk. 1)
Don't run. It stops our idea.We have to walk at a comfortable pace. 2)
Don't stop to walk. We have to pursue one or two ideas we pick. 3)
Don't write an idea we hit when we walk. Writing something is that we filter it. Recording is better. 4)
Don't do this forever. When an idea's not coming to us, it won't come to us. We have to walk later at another time. 5)

For being more creative, we have to walk as well.

Words in this story
iterative
carve /verb/  engrave, etch, incise, score
residue /noun/ surplus, remainder, rest, extra

Kevin Njabo : How we can stop Africa's scientific brain drain

Kevin Njabo at TEDGlobal 2017
How we can stop Africa's scientific brain drain (transcript)
Summary
I think that this problem leads to what the meaning of country I was born is, why I work, and how the country I was born should become in the near future. Even in Japan where a good education can be received, many people think that they want to live overseas, many people already live overseas, and among them think that they don't want to come back to Japan.
I don't mean that they don't think about their country Japan but they have to work for the country they were born with sacrificing.
Just a country will be vulnerable but it doesn't allow that only you don't think about the country you was born. Thinking and developing our own country lead to contributing to the world.

In Africa, the country the speaker was born didn't have better education systems. People study abroad and they are better scientists, but they don't come back even in their continent Africa. The speaker is working on a new education system that African people can receive the high-quality education, and they can solve their countries' problems their own hands in Africa.
He came back the country he was born and he creates it so other people can come back. It stops Africa's scientific brain drain.

Words in this story
enchanting /adj/ charming, fascinating
interdisciplinary /adj/ of or relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
disciplinary /adj/ concerning or enforcing discipline.
discipline /noun/  control, training, teaching
perpetual /adj/  eternal, permanent
exploit /noun/ a bold or daring feat.
species /noun/ variety, breed, material

Adam Driver : My journey from Marine to actor

Adam Driver at TED 2016
My journey from Marine to actor (transcript)
Summary
I was sorry that I didn't recognize the speaker, Adam Douglas Driver,  who is an American actor who fought in the galactic battles of Star Wars: The Force Awakens. That time, he visited Japan to introduce the movie and he was appearing in the movie: Silence.
However, he had given up to be an actor. After September 11, 2001, he joined 1/1 weapons company as a Marine because he is filled with a sense of patriotism and retribution.
However, he couldn't go to deploy to Iraq because he broke his leg. He tells us that the transition from military to civilian was complex. As being Marine, there was a respectful rank.
There are no any useless things that happen to you It is inevitable and it makes you.
Your ranks were not important. Giving ultimate service is the most important thing.
He works as an actor and he established a nonprofit: Arts in the Armed Forces (AITAF) that performs theater for all branches of the military in the United States and abroad.

A reading of "I am not Batman"
Impression
I think that people who live abroad love Batman because no one talks about Batman in Japan.
Everyone seems to want to be Batman though, of course, it' not easy or everyone wants to help them from him because their life is not easy to live. Its moment, stories over the numbers that people live in there will be created.
Created stories are not your life. You know it though you can't start your life if you don't have stories. You can create your life like Batman stories. People can be hero always in their lives.

Words in this story
patriotism /pa・tri・ot・ism/péɪtriətìzm/ nationalism
overwhelming /verb/  bury or drown beneath a huge mass
hygiene /noun/  cleanliness, sanitation
retribution /noun/  revenge, reprisal

Michelle Knox : Talk about your death while you're still healthy

Michelle Knox at TED@Westpac 2017
Talk about your death while you're still healthy (transcript)
Summary
This was a funny story and the speaker was a good story-teller with humor. It's a good way to tell people a difficult and sad story that is about death but we don't know that even if it's different and important for all of us. It's because people don't want to acknowledge death, we are all going to experience: death, though.
The speaker lost her father, however, her family and she were able to support dad's wishes about his death. Her father wanted to peacefully die at home and surrounded by family. He had a good death. It is just not the right time to talk about organ donation.
If you prepare nothing, people remember your wrong eulogy and your money go to the government when you die.
In fact, not only your life but also your family and people around you would be a lot easier to live if you talk about death with them.
we need to discuss the issue when we are healthy without fear. This is not just what important is but why important is have to be talked by us.
We have to talk what we want and how we want to be remembered when we die.

Words in this story
grieve /verb/ mourn, sorrow, lament
grief /noun/  sorrow, misery, sadness
deceased /noun/ dead person, casualty, a person who has died.
deteriorate /verb/ become progressively worse.
disposal /noun/ punishment, dealing
corpse /noun/ a dead body, especially of a human being rather than an animal.
cremate /verb/ dispose of (a dead person's body) by burning it to ashes, typically after a funeral ceremony.

OluTimehin Adegbeye : Who belongs in a city?

OluTimehin Adegbeye at TEDGlobal 2017
Who belongs in a city?  (transcript)
Summary
I understood that there is less number of big buildings in Japan relatively. It's because it's difficult to forcibly let people move a land they live. It's expensive because people deeply attach their land. Even country or government use their land to use it a lot of citizens usefully, amount of money is needed. Then some people who lend or sold it are rich. However, there are people who don't want to sell their land. There, buildings aren't built and streets are bent. I think that it's beyond guarantee and it'll be a curse of the land.
There is not cooperation there.
This story also doesn't have cooperation between government and citizens. I thought that in the poor city, to build a lot of buildings could help people because they work there. However, the poor is just eliminated.
For creating big cities, some people’s lives shouldn't be destroyed. 

Words in this story
belong /verb/  fit in, be suited to, be owned by, be the property of, be the possession of
polygamous /adj/ the practice or condition of having more than one spouse, especially wife, at one time.
evangelism /noun/ belief
exploitation /noun/ squeezing, sweating
intimidation noun/ threat

Megan Phelps-Roper : I grew up in the Westboro Baptist Church. Here's why I left

Megan Phelps-Roper at TEDNYC 2017
I grew up in the Westboro Baptist Church. Here's why I left (transcript)
Summary
The speaker might be just lucky only. There are many people who don't notice what they do. Even if they notice something, there are people who don't forgive them, so our world is still divided, people celebrate tolerance and diversity, though.
We, humans, have broken the world into us and them. Both sides refuse to acknowledge own flaws but the merits in opposite side. Compromise and daring to questions the party line are blamed. Those can't change the world, people need to listen.
Don't assume bad intent, 1) ask questions more, 2) stay calm, 3) and make the argument, but don't use condemnation, we can do them in difficult conversations.
The speaker grew up in the Westboro Baptist Church where the place divided the world into us and them. She noticed that there is no right side and wrong side. The important thing is to extend empathy and compassion to even people who show you hostility and contempt. She starts it, that's why she left the church.

Words in this story
hostility /noun/ enmity
contempt /noun/ shame, disgrace,insult
humidity /noun/ wet, wetness, moisture
humanity /noun/  humankind, mankind, man, people, human beings, culture

Rutger Bregman : Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash

Rutger Bregman at TED2017
Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash (transcript)
Summary
Why do we think that the value of our work is determined by the size of our paycheck? This is a poor idea.
The value of our work should be determined by the amount of happiness we spread and amount of meaning we give.
Basic income means a form of social security or welfare regime, in which all citizens of a country receive a regular, liveable and unconditional sum of money, from the government. Payments do not require the recipient to work or look for work, and it is independent of any other income.
The speaker researched that basic income can eradicate poverty and raise money. However, many people are against it.
We have to know and learn about the underlying cause of poverty.
Is it better what we're, now, sending goods to the poor?

Words in this story
inevitable /noun/ a situation that is unavoidable.
poverty /noun/ the state of being extremely poor.
harsh /adj/ severe, painful
scarcity /noun/  shortage, lack, undersupply, insufficiency
perplex /verb/ delude, puzzle,  confuse
resonant /adj/ echoing,
stigma /noun/ shame, disgrace, dishonor

Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks : How we can face the future without fear, together

Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks at TED2017
How we can face the future without fear, together  (transcript)
Summary
The speaker said, "Is it better what we worship in our time is the "self", the "me", and the " I"?
We, now, feel fear, weakness, and loneliness because we have too much of the "I" and too little of the "we".
We human need to interact face to face, to be altruistic and create friendship, trust, loyalty, and love.  However, those can't be accomplished alone.
Now is the time, that the "us" of relationship, identity, and responsibility are to strengthen the future "us".
Relationship teaches us that we have to need to encounter face to face, we realize that we can disagree strongly but yet still stay friends, and we discover that the people not like us are just people.  1)
We mustn't stop telling the story of our identity. It leads our identity to weaken and we feel threatened by the stranger.  2)
We all share collective responsibility for our collective future. 3) Someone does something for you is a delusion.
Those are the ways to be able to face the future without fear.
What we have to think about is not self-help but other-help.

Words in this story
ontology /noun/ the part of philosophy that studies what it means to exist
inaugural /adj/ marking the beginning of an institution, activity, or period of office.  opening, first, launching
identity /noun/ the fact of being who or what a person or thing is.
ideology /noun/ a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. beliefs, ideas, ideals, princ

Sara Menker : A global food crisis may be less than a decade away

Sara Menker at TEDGlobal 2017
A global food crisis may be less than a decade away  (transcript)
Summary
This is a great talk and the speaker created a great data that should be more known in the world.
The data shows that we may face a global food crisis less than 10 years later by showing where countries have to import food or can export food and where countries have lands available for agriculture. It's really easy to understand more than before.
Commercialization is important for not only just farmers but also the entire agricultural system. Infrastructure, lower the transportation costs and banking all have to change. Agriculture can create fortunes. It's not at too risky an endeavor.
If all people in the world can change consumption patterns, the vision is not impossible.
We shouldn't let her talk that discussing changing consumption patterns or reducing food waste is unproductive.  We shouldn't be a person who waits for others to change their behavior on your behalf. A global food crisis may be less than a decade away.

Words in this story
surpass /verb/  excel, exceed, transcend, outdo
implication /noun/ an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly. suggestion
yield /noun/ size of harvest,  production, crop

Mariano Sigman : Why we don't cooperate

TEDxperiments (In Spanish with English subtitles)
Mariano Sigman : Why we don't cooperate (transcript)
Summary
The speech was spoken in Spanish but I understood that it's wrong not to listen to and not to watch it because I didn't know about Spanish. The speech uses pictures, the speaker's eyes and gestures were important, and the reflection of audiences was honest. Somehow, the same response appeared this time.
People have been made to realize that they were stereotypes. You know that happiness is not fixed, right? When your happiness is 90 percent, my happiness is not 10 percent. This is a simple thing though people thought that this was Zero-sum games. You think that someone wins 80 and thus you are left with 20 points. 
We have this fallacy and thus we don't cooperate. Our future, jobs, motivation and several solutions must be infinite.
Competition is not bad. We have to go forward with a new competition to change the world.

Words in this story
altruistic /adj/  unselfish, selfless, compassionate
bottleneck /noun/ narrow path
ancestral /adj/ of, belonging to, inherited from, or denoting an ancestor or ancestors
resistance /noun/  opposition to, hostility to, refusal to accept
fallacy /noun/  misconception, misbelief, delusion, mistaken impression, error
fluctuate /verb/ move, work, run, operate, shift
pessimistic /adj/  gloomy, negative, defeatist, downbeat

Kimberlé Crenshaw : The urgency of intersectionality

Kimberlé Crenshaw at TEDWomen 2016
The urgency of intersectionality  (transcript)

Summary
I was really sorry that I could not stand for those women because I did not know their names completely. I thought that in America, the problem of inequality between black people and white people and between men and women were solved, so many people thought that.
However, the problem of black people and white people focused on among only men. The employers hire African-American, but it's only African-American men.
The problem of men and women focused on among only white women. The employers hire women, but it's only white women. African-American women have been left a center of those problems but many of them were killed by police.
At an intersection is the most dangerous because no one can help but no one can realize. If people can't see a problem, people can't fix a problem. We can bear witness to this-no name problem that is women's lost lives.

Words in this story
intersectionality/ in fact, one fact is often overlapping and creating multiple levels of social injustice, and it creates many of our social justice problems like racism and sexism.
cacophony /noun/ a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds. noise

DAVID DeSTENO : The Only Way to Keep Your Resolutions

 
The New York Times
DAVID DeSTENO : The Only Way to Keep Your Resolutions  (article)
Summary
I found a good article to read on New Year's day.
It's because we know that resolution means a promise to yourself to do or to not do something and we often decide it on New Year's day but I don't know that the way to keep our resolution is only one.

This is not willpower, not perseverance, and not endeavor also.
We try to use willpower, perseverance, and endeavor, thus we couldn't resist temptations but we feel stress.
We need a power like we don't normally calculate what's to be gained by helping someone else but we just feel what we should.

This is an emotion of gratitude, compassion and an authentic sense of pride. (not hubris)  It pushes us to behave in ways that show self-control naturally.
Trying to help others leads us to helping our own future selves, to waiting for future rewards willingly, and to increasing perseverance on difficult tasks.
Grateful, warm and justifiably confident draw others. It doesn't make us lonely also.
To Keep appreciating and being appreciated must lead you to achievements with pride.
I do my work hard, and continue studying English with appreciating the value of my life.

Words in this story
flagellate /verb/  flog, whip, beat
gratitude /noun/  gratefulness, thankfulness, thanks, appreciation
grateful /adj/ thankful, appreciative
appreciate /verb/ value, treasure, admire, respect