Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Flow, the secret to happiness

TED2004
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Flow, the secret to happiness (script)
Summary
In the world, there are people who are happy, even if they don't have money. So when they're doing something, they probably feel their life meaningful and worth doing, even if they don't expect either fame or fortune at the moment. The speaker says that this is a ecstatic state.
A moment of ecstasy is there that it happens in the completely concentrating process automatically and spontaneously. It can only happen  to someone who is very well trained and who has developed techniques. It doesn't make that person feel himself/herself existence like his hand that seems to be moving itself or something that you want to do just flows out naturally. It happens in different realms.
The speaker calls this type of experience "the flow experience" and says that for everyone has flow channel. The moment is that 1) you know that exactly what you want to do, 2) you get immediate feedback. 3) You know that what you need to do is possible, even though 4) it might be difficult. 5) Your sense of time disappears, 6) you forget yourself and 7) you feel part of something larger.
You begin to feel that your life meaningful and worth doing. It'll make you happy.

Roman Mars: Why city flags may be the worst-designed thing you've never noticed

I love this TED Talk, because I love Flags. I want to see you, give you my company products and talk about flags with you.
TED 2015
Roman Mars: Why city flags may be the worst-designed thing you've never noticed (script)
Summary
The definition of design is to make life better and provide joy. All around us has the design. If you pay attention more and seriously think about all forms of design the world will be turned beautiful by magic.
The speaker talked to us about the design while giving flag examples. It's because you can understand the design of almost anything, if you understand the design of flags, what makes a good or bad flag at once. The flags are close to us and work on our emotions.

There are the great country flags in the world. Those have important principles which are simple, deep meaning, having few colors, no lettering and distinctive. They'll obey it because they're on the international and the stakes are high.
However, city, state and regional flags seem different somehow. Every great city needs a great flag, doesn't it? It'll lead to creating the good relationship of good design and civic pride. If you had a great city flag, you would have a banner for people to rally under to face those more important things.



Words in this story
Vexillology / the study of flags
crude /adj/ rough
hats off to sb / said to praise and thank someone for doing something helpful.
distinctive / Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different from other things
feasibility / the state or degree of being easily or conveniently done
seriously / se・ri・ous・ly/sí(ə)riəsli
valuable /val・u・a・ble /vˈæljuəbl
entry. entries. entirety. enter.

Bill and Melinda Gates: Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done

TED 2014
Bill and Melinda Gates: Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done (script)
Summary

So many people don't notice that there's been inequality problems still in our world. You are in an unbelievable situation just to be there and to have a great education. You have a responsibility to give back to the world.

When Bill and Melinda Gates noticed that, they built their foundation. The world they saw was many diseases that killed so many kids. However, you just go down to the drug store in other contries.
Their mother could not receive a good education. In developing countries, there are people who wanted to use contraceptives but they were struggling. It was not on the global stage. Melinda Gates finally realized that she just had to do it.
When new vaccines are invented and it's delivered rightly, it leads to a miracle. They can face and fight against the would's unequal problems, it makes them excited. The philanthropy is going to grow, to shine some light and to lead to in the right direction, even if the government has something that is not just good at working. If you take from the most wealthy and give to the least wealthy, it's good. It tries to balance out and that's just.
Words in this story
philanthropy / charity,  benevolence, humanity.
philosophy / thinking, thought, reasoning, beliefs, credo, convictions, ideology

Melinda Gates 2, Let's put birth control back on the agenda

TEDxChange 2014
Melinda Gates 2, Let's put birth control back on the agenda (script)
Summary
Progressing of the issue starts from you talk  to other people about it. You can learn by talking to other people, by  doing, by trying and by mistakes.  Today's topic is about contraception and birth control. This is the agenda  that has to be discussed more. In our world, men and women should be free to decide whether they want to conceive a child or not.
However, our minds will be controlled by the thought that  1) talking about sex is uncomfortable. 2) Contraception is the same as abortion but 3) it increases the likelihood that lots of sex happens outside marriage. 4) Controlled populations  shouldn't be planted.
What the speaker wants to say is completely different. What she wants to talk about is giving women the power to save their lives and  their children's lives, and to give their families the best possible future. They can avoid pregnancy  that they don't want and  control over how many children they have. They can also think about their business that they might not think about it if they have many children and they will be able to afford to give their children good education.
This is a very powerful idea. It means that parents have the ability not to just accept the future as it is but to affect it. You can get to make choices about your lives. This is  the agenda that the world has to  discuss.
Words in this story
pregnancy /noun/  pregnant /adj/
contraceptive /noun/ a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy.
contraception /noun/ the deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation by any of various drugs, techniques, or devices; birth control.
controversy /noun/ controversial /adj/ giving rise or likely to give rise to public disagreement.

Melinda Gates 1, What nonprofits can learn from Coca-Cola

TEDxChange 2010
Melinda Gates 1, What nonprofits can learn from Coca-Cola (script)
Summary
This was a mistake that is an assumption that if people need something, it makes them want that. You really have to work with the community. And then, people  start to understand what they really want. It changes communities and it leads to changing whole nations. It's like Coca-Cola ubiquitous. Coca-Cola is everywhere where you don't expect.
It's because many real time data is gathered and feed  it back immediately. Even if it's remote village, entrepreneurs are hired and incredible marketing is done. If this global network is used for the world health care, vaccinations and sanitation. It'll make people, especially children and mothers be healthy and have a successful life.
The speaker asks us one more. If there is  no lack of money, polio can be eradicated.
Coca-Cola marketing can be said of  the state that happiness is ubiquitous.
Words in this story
Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest, which was declared eradicated in 2011.
polio / infantile paralysis. A serious infectious disease that can cause permanent paralysis.
defecation / the discharge of feces from the body
transmission /  spread, transferral, communication

paralysis / the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) 

Bill Gates 5, The next outbreak? We’re not ready

TED 2015
Bill Gates 5, The next outbreak? We’re not ready (script)
Summary
In 2014, ebola was outbrakeing and people died. However, there were  many doctors and health workers who work there. Fortunately, ebola did not spread through the air. It didn't get into many urban areas that time. Thus, we need to think that this is the warning to prepare something that is the next epidemic. Now, science and technology help us to prepare them. We have to make the world safer. It's to protect us from serious diseases.
Words in this story
progression / development
proficiency /  skill, expertise, experience

Bill Gates 4, Teachers need real feedback

TED Talks Education 2013
Bill Gates 4, Teachers need real feedback (script)
Summary
If the students get more great education, it would make the world more successful. In order for this, the system that teachers can get real feedback more have to be set. People who teach something to someone have one of the most important jobs in the world, but they get little useful feedback. They deserve better and the system should help them improve. Teaching should be the job that teachers can find careers that's fulfilling and rewarding have a chance to live out their dreams. Now, the speaker Bill Gates foundation processes a project called Measures of Effective Teaching. It created the system that you can observe through watching videos of teachers in the classroom and rate how they did on a range of practices. Teachers can learn how to teach better and what good teachers are doing.  Watching a video of the best teachers  in the world, leads to creating a better teacher. Teachers' evaluation should be changed.
Words in this story
feedback /  response, reaction, comments.
peer / noble
exemplify /verb/  typify, epitomize
intrinsic /  inherent

Bill Gates 3, How state budgets are breaking US schools

TED 2011
Bill Gates 3, How state budgets are breaking US schools (script)
Summary
Do you care about your country budgets? We need to care about them more. They're important. They're big money but they get very little scrutiny and the understanding is very low. In fact, most of them leaves deficit but liabilities are building up. The budgets lose their balance but there are many trick.
They come from the fact that certain long term obligations which mean the age structure that are health care, early retirement and pension. These mis-accounting things allow to develop over time, it led to a big problem. And then, the worst thing is not to be improved but education spending is cut.
However, education spending is the key for our kids and our future. You should not think that it's short term interests. The investment in the young, that makes us great. After all, it'll contribute us in the future. Repeat, we need to care about state budgets because they're critical for our kids and our future.
Also in Japan, this problem is improved more, because Japan faces aging of the population.
Words in this story
liability / responsibility,  duty.
liabilities /  debt, debit, deficit.
scrutiny /scru・ti・ny/skrúːṭəni/ survey,  observation

Bill Gates 2, Innovating to zero!

TED 2010
Bill Gates 2, Innovating to zero! (script)
Summary
This was a long talk. There are lots of problems which we have to solve in our world there. It's too many and too difficult to summarize.
What is innovating to zero?
The speaker Bill Gates was a parson who performed exactly a miracle about computers we use now. His current activity is to help the poorest two billion live better lives. When he thought of it, he realized that for reducing poverty, energy is very important. They can't use it enough. However, now people in the world use it too much. It leads to climate change. It'll make them become poorer, because their crops won't grow. However, using it is not able to stop.
All energy can't change the renewable sources, because the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow every day. It leads to the price of energy has come up. It'll again send them poorer. He had reached the conclusion which is to zero now releasing CO2.  We have to use miracle which is innovation to zero again like our computers. This time, there is a limitation.
And then, he surprisingly hope to proceed the idea of TerraPower. It's because 1) just using nuclear is usually costly. 2) Above all, it doesn't release CO2.  3) This crazy idea can solve the problem that is about the waste of nuclear. He also said that you have to think of our problems as long team one, because here are many things that we can't solve for short term. The now skeptics probably pay for the mistakes a lot later.
However, the talk was told before 2011. 2011 is the year when the big nuclear accident occurred in Japan. Thus, I think that it should be strongly proceeded. Probably he also thinks that, but the world will be put in a more difficult situation.
In this TED talk, he introduced some speakers.
Bill Gross
Vinod Khosla 
Nathan Myhrvold
Al Gore 
David McKay 
Bjorn Lomborg

Bill Gates1, Mosquitos, malaria and education

TED 2009
Bill Gates1, Mosquitos, malaria and education (script)
Summary
Somehow, this Japanese title is the current activities of Bill Gates.  Why malaria and education aren't used, although there two things are his current activities. One is to stop a deadly disease: malaria. It can cut the childhood deaths dramatically.  Next is how education makes better. Why this problem should be solved is that education is the most important thing to get right for the county. It's because countries should have the skills to create strong countries and to solve other problems for our future.
As we know, our world has a lot of problems. Of course, they don't get worked on nationally. In fact, the market, the scientists, the communications, and even the governments don't pick them in the right way. The private sector and the system of society don't naturally put something into them. Those problems need skills to solve. Bill Gates said that people who can pay attention to them and who can care and draw other people in them, only such people can progress them forward.  He optimistically thinks about them, because by cooperating with brilliant people and you,  some great things will come to our world. It'll draw other people more and more.
Words in this story
afflicted /  trouble, burden, distress, cause suffering to
expertise /  skill, skillfulness
diversity / variety,

Paul Nicklen: Animal tales from icy wonderlands

TED 2011
Paul Nicklen: Animal tales from icy wonderlands (script)
Summary
I read this article before l watched this video. I don't understand what the speaker told well. Why is it a great thing that in the Antarctica and Arctic, you can see that leopard seals are eating big penguins? And then, leopard seal grabbed penguin and put it in front of him many times. It's just like that she who means leopard seal tries to feed him a penguin and says to him why he doesn't eat it, he is going to starve in this cold ocean where she thinks that there is no other food. This was just the food chain. The penguins which are called cute are eaten, the eating penguins leopard seals which are called ugly feed you and in under the ice where other animal can't live billions of amphibian and copepods live. They're moving around, feeding on, giving birth and living out their entire life there. It's not exaggerated to say that there is the foundation of the whole food chain in the natural world.
Reducing and losing ice in the sea is often told. It means to lose an entire ecosystem. Many species will be extinct. To protect them and for you strongly feel it, you should go and see those beautiful Animal in icy wonderlands.
Words in this story
Zodiac / Scorpio
amphibian /am・phib・i・an /æmfíbiən/
copepod / a small or microscopic aquatic crustacean of the large class Copepoda.
starve / (of a person or animal) suffer severely or die from hunger.

Steven Levitt 2, Surprising stats about child carseats

TEDGlobal 2005
Steven Levitt 2, Surprising stats about child carseats (script)
Summary
In our modern world, driving a car is usual, but car accidents sometimes happen. No matter what happens, you just want to save your child from the car crash. Thus, many people use the car seat. However, it's very expensive and it's very complicated to use.
Are people happy and satisfied to use it? Is this so cost-effective?
The speaker strongly says that using the car seat has absolutely no meaning whatsoever. There's statistically insignificant differences in injury between car seats and lap-and-shoulder belts. He has some evidence from tests and data.
However, people continue to use the car seat even if it's very expensive and it's very complicated to use but the fatal accident happened. The government also agrees to use it, even if its tests don't have 100 percent score to be safe.
He says many times that it's not so clear that it is so cost-effective.
I think about this problem, people can't compare whether it's so cost-effective or not.  It's because it relates deaths of children especially . People who lose their children in a car crash want someone or something to be responsible for it. Thus, the car seat become the best equipment. If children die in car crash, you can say that you installed it wrongly or in the test, it didn't say that 100 percent can help. There are many kinds of accident patterns. You can also say this to parents who don't use it, "Children might be able to be helped if you use it." That will be told to the children who were helped. All thanks to the car seat.
Thus, if it's not so clear that it is so cost-effective, people continue to use the car seat.
Words in this story
fatal /fa・tal/féɪṭl/ causing death.
fatality /fa・tal・i・ty/feɪtˈæləṭi/ an occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease. helplessness in the face of fate.

Steven Levitt 1, The freakonomics of crack dealing

TED 2004
Steven Levitt 1, The freakonomics of crack dealing (script)
Summary
Economics is the study of the way in which trade, industry, and money are organized.
How is the situation of various economic activity? The speaker could luckily research about the economics of drug dealing. As you know, drug dealers mean people who buy and sell illegal drugs like crack cocaine. Probably you and the media believe that drug dealers would have had very glamorous lives when the crack cocaine was epidemic. Thus, gangs who buy cocaine from drug dealers and who sell it to other people  also had rich lifestyles.
However, gangs did not have good lives, because they didn't have money. But there was no way to make money from the beginning. Gang members didn't know any rich white people who buy expensive cocaine also.
According to his research, it turned out that the org chart of a gang and McDonald's chart and its franchise were similar. The earnings gtadually as we go down to lower members of the org chart. Additionally, there's the risk that someone shoots at the gangs a lot of the time. Its death rate is about  25 percent per person in the gang for four years. First of all, this system does not have sympathy among dealers, gangs and consumers. Only top drug dealers continue to get paid, even if their workers don't get it. It's because the thought of "weak and shit" really works in this system which is an idea economists don't have.
Freak means strange, odd and unusual. Even if a gang and McDonald's  have the same chart, this human activity of drug dealing is something that can't be prdicted. Thus, this would be called the Freakonomics.
Words in this story
any rich white people / adjectives can be classified into many categories. In English, adjectives are generally used in the order: quantity-->opinion-->size-->age-->shape-->color-->origin-->material-->purpose
hypothesis / theory, theorem, assumption
equilibrium /e・qui・lib・ri・um/ìːkwəlíbriəm/  balance, symmetry
compensating / , make up for, make amends

Itay Talgam: Lead like the great conductors

TEDGlobal 2009
Itay Talgam: Lead like the great conductors (script)
I think I've fallen in love with a last conductor.
Summary
I stared a last conductor many times, because I thought that the speaker was appearing and conducting. Why did only small? His satisfied small led to creating perfect harmony. Of course he didn't say a word, for example, like saying "start playing or it's good" but he didn't use a baton. Nevertheless, highest music was being created. It must have something more than the quote "If you love something, give it away." the speaker's friend said.
The great leader is creating perfect harmony without saying a word. It's about not only orchestras but also your companies. The leader has his own stories and people have other stories. He have to hear it at the same time. He has to spread happiness and crate joy. And then the ideas that people know what they do even though the leader is not conducing them, have to be cerated. It's naturally created though the reason why is that there is a great leader there.

Jennifer Kahn: Gene editing can now change an entire species — forever

TED 2016
Jennifer Kahn: Gene editing can now change an entire species — forever   (script)
Summary
Malaria now kills people a lot in the world. However, using pesticides damages other species gravely.
Is it right to use gene drive to protect them? Gene drive can make malaria parasite impossible to survive inside the mosquito. However, I think that I feel it fear.
It's because 1) it's so effective that even an accident release can change an entire species but it's very quick. It can invade other species. 2) Gene drive can be done by any lab. It's easier than we think. 3) Scientists think that gene drives are not frightening. 4) However, humans have a tendency to assume that the safest option is to preserve the status quo. It makes me worry somehow.
The speaker also said that it can be frightening to act, but not acting is worse. Now in the world, incredible gene recombination is invented.
Is this the world that be kept to safe?  We'll have to decide in the near future.
Words in this story
invasive /adj/
invade /  occupy, conquer

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The danger of a single story

TEDGlobal 2009
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The danger of a single story  (script)
Summary
What is authentically African? Is the answer that people don't drive cars but they are starving?
Reading books is very fun. However, people are too affected from one story to think other things. Especially, the only negative stories are believed. Moreover, it creates stereotypes but it makes one story become the only story. If one area or one person has terrible stories, they have other stories that are not about catastrophe. The single story robs the dignity of people and the recognition of human equality. It emphasizes how people are different rather than how people are similar.
Stories have great influences. Many stories matter. Stories can be used to empower and to humanize more. It can repair something like broken dignity.
In Africa, there are stories that people have a very happy childhood, full of laughter and love. There is never a single story in the world.
Words in this story
stereotype / prejudice
dignity / the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect.
eager /  longing, yearning, wishing, hoping
matter / importance, consequence, significance

Haley Van Dyck: How a start-up in the White House is changing business as usual

TED2016
Haley Van Dyck: How a start-up in the White House is changing business as usual (script)
Summary
Probably, in your country, government services don't work well. If you have to complete something that is like an application, it'll be arduous and complicated. It's because you have to look for some different websites and telephone numbers. It'll be impacting a lot of people. Especially, the students trying to go to college, the single mothers trying to get health care, the veterans, immigrants, the disabled, are always waiting to process their applications. They might not be able to do online, because the government does its work based on paper.
It'll mean that we the taxpayers are not getting what we pay for.  Moreover, the government sometimes scrap or abandon IT projects but there are programs that a large amount of money keeps being poured.
However, the speaker crate the team to transform the way American delivers critical services for everyday people and to provide a better service while saving taxpayer dollars. It started to improve.
It's important not to think that things won't change. Don't rely on others. You need that you want to care about making government work better not to care about politics and you have to do. It's your government in your country.
Words in thie story
arduous / ar・du・ous/άɚdʒuəs/ painful, difficult

Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me?

TED 2016
Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? (script)
Summary
You should not judge people by appearances and you don't be deluded by the media. You should not point your anger at someone. According to several studies, when people are afraid, at least, three things happen. They become more accepting of authoritarianism, conformity and prejudice. It means that when you'er exposed to negativity or fear by even the media, your anger or fear point mistake direction easily. This is your thought that you point your anger at Muslims after 9/11.
You are just brainwashed by terrorists who want you to believe that all Muslims  are terrorists. Especially, people in the mosques, all of them are not Muslims, they come not to attack Muslims, but to stand in solidarity with Muslims. Closing down mosques is not a solution. Those people are there because they chose courage and compassion over panic and prejudice. Could you choose empathy when you look at them?
Words in this story
delude /de・lude/dɪlúːd mislead, deceive, fool, take in, trick
authoritarianism /au・thòr・i・tár・i・an・ìsm/ dictatorship, absolutism
brainwash / condition, persuade, influence

John Hunter: Teaching with the World Peace Game

TED 2011
John Hunter: Teaching with the World Peace Game (script)
Summary
We adults should listen to the message of the speaker and deeply take it. The message is that we have left this world to our children in such a sad and terrible shape. We have to apologize and stop the situation. Anyone would think how arrogant adults are. It's because they additionally hope that children can fix it.
However, children started seeking the answer head and solving world problems when they knew that the teacher couldn't teach them because the teacher didn't know the answer. Even it's a game, but their spontaneous compassion is created from unexpected places and unpredictable things.
He thought that still our modern world, it's not necessary for students just to teach and lecture. They have to be able to feel learning through their own bodies. It doesn't need to control also. There's a trust, understanding and a dedication to an ideal.
Those lead for children to picking up a critical thinking tool or creative thinking tool and leverage something good for the world. This is the poewer to change the world.
Words in this story
arrogant /ar・ro・gant/ˈærəg(ə)nt/ conceited, self-important, egotistic
compassion / pity, sympathy, empathy,
spontaneous /  unplanned, unpremeditated, voluntary
immerse /im・merse/ɪmˈɚːs/  dip, dunk, duck, sink
emerge /e・merge/ɪmˈɚːdʒ/  come out, appear, come into view, become visible

Chris Anderson 3, TED's secret to great public speaking

TED Studio 2016
Chris Anderson 3, TED's secret to great public speaking (script)
Summary
In TED Talks, there are various ideas, because TED Talks are where the TED speakers transfer into their listeners' mind an extraordinary gift which is a strange and beautiful object called an idea.
You can think that ideas are patterns of information that help you understand and navigate the world. Your personal worldview is built up out of millions of individual ideas. Ideas are the most powerful forces shaping human culture.
The secret keys that the speakers can give their great idea to listeners are 1) to choose and talk about just one major idea. Your all stories and examples in this stage have to link your one idea. 2) For your audience can receive your idea easily, stir them up curiosity. 3) While checking that your audience understand, you have to build your idea. 4) Is your idea worth spreading for someone? It's not only you. Can your idea make someone happy?

In this TED talk, he shared some speakers with us.

Haley Van Dyck: How a start-up in the White House is changing business as usual 

Ken Robinson:  Do schools kill creativity? 

Elora Hardy: Magical houses, made of bamboo

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The danger of a single story

Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? 

Jennifer Kahn: Gene editing can now change an entire species — forever

Chris Anderson 2, How web video powers global innovation

TEDGlobal 2010
Chris Anderson 2, How web video powers global innovatio (script)
Summary
In the past, our communication was only to face to face communication. If someone speaks, people in there were affected by it. They can gather and act together. It's repeated and it connected people and people. And then, by printing, people knew that their ideas could be spread. Now, the innovation that online video can do for face to face communication is happening. It can immediately spread in the world. You can learn from a lot of people and you also teach a lot of people in the world anytime, anywhere. It now accelerates. It is because people who watched the video started to drive cycles. It means a crowd that people who have the same interest gather is bigger. There are lights that is opened the best art they have. They have desires. These powers make the innovtion. In TED stage, it also works.

Chris Anderson 1, TED's nonprofit transition

TED 2002
Chris Anderson 1, TED's nonprofit transition (script)
Summary
Why you become happy when you listen to the TED talks? The speaker who is the owner of TED answer that there are so many questions in that many different directions in it. You can find the happy there. If you can't understand all, you just need to understand a little bit. And then its piece can connect with other thing someday and somewhere. The core values of TED won't be changed at all forever.

Hans and Ola Rosling 10, How not to be ignorant about the world

TEDSalon Berlin 2014 Jun
Hans and Ola Rosling 10, How not to be ignorant about the world (script)
Summary
In fact, we don't know what happen well in our world . We also don't know what we don't know. The reason why we are so ignorant is that we firstly think of something based on our neighborhood. It gives us a very biased view of how life is on this planet. Scoundly we'd be taught outdated worldviews when we were students at the school. It's because teachers learned something when they went to school and they describe the world to the student though it's without any bad intentions. Third is news. The news always informs interesting and unusual events with exaggeration, because people want to read it.
And then, we have illusions of confidence. So our intuition doesn't work and we can't think correctly.
The solution is that we need  to measure  problems and cure it. By measuring it, we can understand what is the pattern of ignorance. 1) When we face the world problems, we need to know and think that now most things improve, although we'll think that everything is getting worse. 2,3 ) If we are unsure, we can think that the most people are in the middle and the majority already have this. 4) We need to think that the problems are going to be exaggerated.
Let's think about the problems of our world.
How did the number of deaths per year from natural disaster change during the last century?
A.more than double. B.Remained about the same. C.decrease to less than half.
How long did women 30 years old in the world go to school?
A.7 years.  B.5 years.  C.3 years.
In the last 20 years, how did the percentage of people in the world who live in extreme poverty change?
A. more than double.  B.Remained about the same. C.decrease to less than half.
We are not deceived by our preconception. We have to know what has happened now in the world to think about the future. We need to turn out intuition into strength again getting out through the ignorant.
I really enjoyed his ten talks. Although I was surprised that his son appeared on his stage, I want his son to wear glasses like his father. His son will be  the image of his father. Thank you.
                                                                                                         The answer: CAC
Words in this story
preconception / a preconceived idea or prejudice.
exaggeration /  overstatement, overemphasis, magnification

Hans Rosling 9, Religions and babies

TEDxSummit 2012  Apr
Hans Rosling 9, Religions and babies (script)
Summary
This is a strange title. How will religions and babies be related? The population is now continuing to grow in the world. It is seven billion. In 1960, it was three billion. Are there religions that stop women from having babies?  However, the answer was no. Religions has very little to do with the number of babies per woman. All the religions in the world are fully capable to maintain their values and adapt to this new world.
According to the data of the speaker proud of, there is a tremendous improvement that the number of children per woman is decreasing in the world, now. Even if the countries that its number was higher in the past decrease the rate without income level and religions.
The reasons why a big improvement happened. 1) It relates to children survive. 2) Many families got out of severe poverty so children are not of importance for work in the family. 3) People started a family planning. 4) The most important is that many women including children started to receive a good education.
In the world, the number of babies per woman is now decreasing though why the world's population faces  10 billion. The reason is that people who are over 30 years old are  currently missing. The population goes to two billion children, two billion young people, two billion adults, two billion old. tow billion more old.  More old will die. Two billion children will be born. This is repeated. It doesn't relate to life getting longer and adding children.
To summarize, religions and babies are not related. The number of children per woman is decreasing in the world though population will grow 10 billion. We have to think of energy urgently.
Words in this story
religion / noun religious / adj
simplicity /  clarity, clearness, plainness
census /sénsəs/ an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.
senses /séns/  sensory faculty, feeling
scenes /  location, site, place

Hans Rosling 8, The magic washing machine

TEDWomen 2010 Dec
Hans Rosling 8, The magic washing machine (script)
Summary
You can know your world from the washing machine you probably use every day. Now, the world population is seven billion. Among this, two billion people live in poverty. Of course, they don't have it. They still bring water and heat it on fire to cook and wash. Ten billion people are the richest people. They use it. Four billion people in the middle seem to have electricity though people who use washing machine is one billion.
I was very surprised that only two billion have it but only they use over half of the energy in the world.
The washing machine makes us happy to have time to free head work. Economic growth is very important to make people happy.
Those two billion people must change behavior to use energy and use green energy. We prevent climate change and increasing population too much. And then, all people can have time to receive good education. The washing machine should be such magic machine.
Words in this story
load / burden, charge, weight
road /  street
energy-efficient / economical use of energy

Hans Rosling 7, The good news of the decade? We're winning the war against child mortality

TEDxChange 2010 Sep
Hans Rosling 7, The good news of the decade? We're winning the war against child mortality (script)
Summary
Measuring accurate number leads to knowing and solving problems. The speaker and the United Nations have cooperated for ten years to create a true data about child mortality. It made a wonderful bubbles' graphs including African data which has never ever seen.  Before 1977, in Africa, even in Kenya didn't have a system to write the death certificate at the death of the child. Thus, the interviews were done to survey. The highly professional female interviewers who sit down for one hour with  each African woman  and ask her about her birth history. How many children did you have? Are they alive? If they died, at what age and what year? This survey is costly, but it has good quality.
Accurate data would help to decrease child mortality. Vaccination and some investments also helped it and the wonderful effect was to  improve  female literacy. Each country has a different policy but the speed that some African countries can decrease child mortality will be slow though it's fully possible for all of these countries to get child mortality down.
Our next goal is to stabilize the world population. Increase population too much leads to likely terrible climate crisis. While getting child mortality down and improving female education, the world should tackle our next goals to get the good life for people in the world.
Words in this story
millennium / an anniversary of a thousand years.
aspect /  feature, facet, side
attributed / quality, characteristic
decent /  satisfactory, reasonable, fair

mortality / death, especially on a large scale.

fatality / an occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease.

fertility / productiveness.

Hans Rosling 6, Global population growth, box by box

TED@Cannes 2010 Jun
Hans Rosling 6, Global population growth, box by box (script)
Summary
In 1960, the world population was three billion. Now in 2016  it grew up to seven billion. It's because the developing countries are given water, vaccination, education and some investments. They would use the aid well. Child mortality was really down. We think it's speed is too fast. Population growth will lead to other problems that are lacking food, energy  and using energy too much will lead to climate change.
Decreasing child mortality is a good thing. Precious lives are saved. We have to raise their skill up the places where the population isn't increasing  during those problems will be being solved. The developed countries should be good models  and help them before the world population is nine billion.  It's a very important role for people in the blue box.
Words in this story
paradoxical / illogical, contradictory
aspiration /  desire, hope, dream, wish
staggering /  amaze, astound, astonish, surprise

Hans Rosling 5, Asia's rise — how and when

TEDIndia 2009 Nov
Hans Rosling 5, Asia's rise — how and when (script)
Summary
We really knew the graphs used colorful bubbles, because this is a fifth TED stage of the speaker. He prepared the special one for this audience in India and he explained how and when Asia has grown. Especially, India, China and Japan have the key of Asia's growth. The United States and the United Kingdom have been richer since 1858. Asian countries also tried to grow. However, the important sources are war, health means to spread some diseases, climate and inequalities means to be dominated by other countries. In India and China, big population continues. If they can avoid those bad influences, the world will be equal. They can catch up the richer countries.
We're looking forward to this TED stage in 2048 when he is one hundred years old, because he said that statistician can predict about the past though it's difficult about the future.
Words in this story
brutal / savagely violent. savage, cruel, vicious
sovereignty / supreme power or authority. Independent country

Hans Rosling 4, Let my dataset change your mindset

TED@State 2009 Jun
Hans Rosling 4, Let my dataset change your mindset (script)
Summary
The speaker spent 20 years  to elucidate in Africa and he collected many kinds of its data. Thus he strongly said that you can't explain the world by dividing into the developing countries and the industrialized countries. It means that in the world, there are two types of countries where in a long life in small family and a short life in a large family.  Nowadays, the areas that are called the developing countries are rapidly growing every year more than you think. Its speed is faster than your countries. It's because the developing countries are given water, vaccination, education and some investments. They would use the aid well. Child mortality was really down and they would start to apply family planning. Entrepreneurs also started working there. Those were happening not only in Africa but Asia.
He showed us those things by using bring proud of the graph he made  that is appearing colorful bubbles. While using the  mic stand to point at important part in this graph, he said those countries were completely different from the developing countries we think.
However, there were the countries collapsed and there are in war. There are still suffering people to live  in poverty.
Can your data update? And then, from now our aids should concentratedly deliver to this important area.
Words in this story
emerging economies /
elucidate / make (something) clear. explain.
correspond / match or agree almost exactly. agree with,  exchange letters
eradicate /  eliminate, get rid of, remove

Hans Rosling 3, Insights on HIV, in stunning data visuals

TED 2009  Feb
Hans Rosling 3, Insights on HIV, in stunning data visuals (script)
Summary
HIV is a virus that gradually attacks the immune system, which is our body’s natural defence against illness. If a person becomes infected with HIV, they will find it harder to fight off infections and diseases. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell called a T-helper cell and makes copies of itself inside them. The most common way for someone to become infected with HIV is by having sex without a condom.  You can also risk infection by using infected needles.
HIV spread in 1983 in the world. Many people have a prejudice that HIV spread in only Africa. This is wrong thoughts. Although there are some countries which the rate that HIV infected people is the highest in the world in Africa, there are countries which are the same rate as the United States. Brazil, Iran, India and Southeast Asia are higher rate but there is one part that is the highest rate in Africa.
Even if you'll be infected with AIDS from HIV, you don't die of AIDS if you're treated properly for ten or twenty years. However, its treatment costs too expensive for poor people to continue caring. They will die. The key to ending the epidemic is to teach protecting this disease more.
We'd put money down not to continue caring but we wouldn't understand where and why to spread. We have to use not only heart and money but the brain more to solve this problem. First, you must see true data. This is the stunning data he made free of charge and his explanation that he showed his wallet was more remarkable.
Words in this story
insights / outlook, prospect, forecast, perspective
stunning / great, nice

Hans Rosling 2, New insights on poverty

TED2007  Mar
Hans Rosling 2, New insights on poverty (script)
Summary
The seemingly impossible is possible. The most important thing is in another place.
When we use some data, the speaker said three important things on previous TED talk. One is that the statistics of the world have not been made properly available. Thus we have the old mindset is second.  Our common sense tells us that we think about the world has two types of countries that are developing countries and industrialized countries, is wrong. This is third.
There are dimensions of development. Many true data are needed though we have to know that the country's government and the law function it made. Then health, education and human rights are important. However, it's not strong. The most important thing is culture. It'll lead to all kinds of things. The speaker showed about poverty this time. This year is 2016. It has been over almost ten years since that. Have we been changed?
Words in this story
archive / record, document, history, report
achieve / fulfill, finish, complete, do
discrepancy / conflicting opinions, different opinion. contradiction, inconsistency

Hans Rosling 1, The best stats you've ever seen

TED 2006
Hans Rosling: The best stats you've ever seen (script)
The speaker Hans Rosling stands on the TED stage 10 times. This is the his first talk.  I'm looking forward to reading how his talks will develop in the future.
Summary
Although this talk was spoken 10 years ago, I couldn't feel this old. The speaker says that we are not ignorant but we have preconceived ideas, when we see any data. We want to know what we don't know much. Even policy makers and corporate sectors also want to know for their businesses, thus they are searching many data. However, in fact, the true data which the United Nations, national statistical agencies, universities and also non governmental organizations have are hidden. No public data we now use are taken some nourishment down from it but it was put prices and unnecessary processing. Nowadays, it is no meaning to use the average data of the countries, because there is a lot of difference within countries.
He said that it's not the public's and especially there is no data showed about changing in the world. I think that all of it will be like that. We always see them and algorithms are repeated then we have  prejudiced thinking.
In our world, the Internet is coming. The number of Internet users is going up and it will help the economy of the countries. He works to open public data and to connect between its data and design to be able to easily use what you want data. If a search function is added and everybody can get it out in the world freely, we will be able to look at many data in completely new ways. The best stats we've ever seen will be shown. The Internet has already come into our world. Unless it should be done, the world problem will not be solved. No, no, we can't know true problems also but we can't read the future precisely.
This talk reminded me of Chris Jordan's TED talk: Turning powerful stats into art. In his talk, the data really gave me a shock also.
Words in this story
preconceive / to form a conception or opinion of beforehand, as before seeing evidence or as a result of previously held prejudice.
prejudice / preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
optimist / person who responds positively to things
pessimist / person who responds negatively to things