Maz Jobran 2i: A Saudi, an Indian and an Iranian walk into a Qatari bar …

TED 2012
Maz Jobrani: A Saudi, an Indian and an Iranian walk into a Qatari bar … (script)
Summary
This is a good article. The speaker says that a lot of Americans don't know much about the Middle East. They need to visit there, because there are many good people. By knowing each other, it helps stop the problems of misunderstanding and stereotypes from happening. It'll be needed for all nations. Even if it's asked, it'll be difficult to understand. He thinks that it can change by sharing laughter and knowing each culture and people. I didn't know that laughing is important to understand each other until I've read the article. His jokes are great.
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
1. Would you be interested in going to a Middle Eastern country, if given a chance? Why or why not?
Yes, because l'm interested in knowing how Middle Eastern people study English. In this article, they seemed to understand English well, however, their native language is not English as same as us.
2. Do you feel threatened seeing Middle Eastern people? Why or why not?
Yes, because Middle Eastern people who live in Japan have sharply sculpted faces: they have big eyes and a high nose that Japanese don't have. When they see me, it makes me feel threatened.
3. How can being stereotyped hurt your job opportunities?
Being stereotyped can't think new ideas. It means unable to challenge and change. We have new products though stereotyped people often refuse us.
4. How are various nationalities stereotyped?
If only one person hurts other countries but it's announced bigger, many people will stereotype.
5. Do you stereotype people? Why or why not?
I don't know well, because l think that in business, l try to think new ideas. However, I have caught up in a stereotype: Japanese people can't speak English well.

Maz Jobrani 1: Did you hear the one about the Iranian-American?

TED 2010
Maz Jobrani 1: Did you hear the one about the Iranian-American? (script)
Summary
The speaker is a comedian. His jokes are great. He tries to do with my stand-up is to break stereotypes. And he said that I've been guilty of stereotyping as well. However, all people might have it. We have to know that there are good people everywhere, and understand each other well.
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
1. Which part of this video was the funniest for you? Why did you think so?
In this video, the funniest part for me is that the speaker ask the hotel owner his driver. It's because I have heard same situations many times, it'll often happen that the fact is that a man is great, but he is wearing a cheap suit. It was easy for me to understand.
2. What do you think about this video? Share your impressions of the video with your teacher.
All jokes are funny, but I think that laughing by hearing this video is to agree stereotypes and I thought whether it's okay to laugh, or not.
3. What is stereotyping?
Stereotyping is having a fixed idea. It's an old and wrong thought.
4. Will you judge or assume a whole nation including its citizens just because of a mistake committed by one citizen? Why?
Yes, I will. It's because mistake is announced that many people likely do that, even though it's a rare case and Japan is surrounded by the sea, there are little terror and few different races.
5. Have you ever mistaken someone to be another person that you are expecting? How did you handle the conversation and what did you feel?
No, I haven't. It's because I try not to tell someone uncertain things or l try to change questions that someone can answer easily it makes me time when I can think something.
Words in this story
dilemma /di·-lem·-ma/dɪˈlɛm ə/noun/  a situation requiring a choice between equally undesirable alternatives.

Mandy Len Catron: Falling in love is the easy part

TED 2015
Mandy Len Catron: Falling in love is the easy part  (script)
I googled "To Fall in Love With Anyone, Do This. " and 36 questions also. Please enjoy.
Summary
Probably, you'll be disappointed a little bit after reading this talk, because she didn't say that there is a shortcut to stay in love. However, the article was published in the New York Times and became famous title of which is "To Fall in Love With Anyone, Do This. " Thus, the most important part is whether you can fall in love with someone or not by asking 36 questions. It really worked.
The speaker Mandy just wanted to say that you can fall in love with someone by this way, because she's experienced in a difficult breakup. In fact, those questions' goal was not to produce romantic love. It's called " sustained, escalating, reciprocal, personalistic self disclosure. " When you become better friends by this way, it really works. Regardless of the reasons, what many people want to know was that future of a romance, real love, sustainable love, whether it lasts or not and their guarantees. Falling in love is not the same thing as staying in love. Falling in love might be the easy part and feels amazing, but it's also terrifying and it doesn't have guarantees. However, this is the deal with love. You have the chance to make the choice to love someone yourself.
Words in this story
acquaintance / a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend.
spectacle / scene,
skeptical / dubious, doubtful

Pamela Meyer: How to spot a liar

TED 2011
Pamela Meyer:  How to spot a liar (transcript)
Summary
According to studies, people may be lied to anywhere from 10 to 200 times and they are also liars. In fact, lying is a cooperative act. A lie has no power, when someone only said. At some point you got lied to, it's because you agreed to get lied to. And then, we're against lying, but we're covertly for it. We lie to protect ourselves also. So in our world, deception is epidemic. The crux of lying is that everyone is willing to give you something, when you'll get your desires. Lying is created by your desires that you hate to admit. Lying bridges a gap between your desires to your reality.
If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know what it is and you have to ask trained liespotters to find the lies. liespotters rely on human tools though there are no real original liars. There are good liars and bad liars, they all make the same mistakes and use the same techniques. Science also helps you more.
We're essentially against lying. We can combine the science and human tools to recognize deception. Now, our world becomes in much noisier, because of the internet. Thus, we explicitly have to show our moral code. We have to do that our world is an honest, truth is strengthened and falsehood is recognized. We make the world where the lies have no power.
An addition: what are the signs of lies?
liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject, using language as their tool.
They will repeat the question in its entirety, and pepper their account with a little too much detail.
They are freezing, look you in the eyes. It's not true: liars fidget all the time and won't look you in the eyes.
They will shift their blink rate, point their feet towards an exit. They'll alter their vocal tone, often making their vocal tone much lower.
If you want to find them, don't be too aggressive. If you ask them some hard questions more in a relaxed atmosphere, with dignity and during making them feel close to you.

Baehr: What’s wrong with our food system

TED 2010
Baehr: What’s wrong with our food system (script)
Summary
Nowadays, our foods don't come from natural farms. It means that the soil plants grow is mixed with chemical fertilizers. Harmful chemicals are sprayed on fruits and vegetables. There's genetically engineered seeds and organisms. If you don't directly eat genetically modified foods, pigs and cows likely eat it and you'll eat it.
Is it a good thing? And then, the farmer who doesn't use any pesticides, herbicides, or genetically modified seeds seems to be called crazy.
Everyone already knows which one they have to choose. If you now eat cheaper foods, you'll pay more to the hospital. Don't be confused by amazing advertisements, choose organic foods.
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
1. Why do most farmers nowadays use chemical fertilizers to their crops? Explain your answer.
I think that we consumers are responsible, because we've  sought  more cheaper foods. By using chemical fertilizers, farmers can harvest a lot of crops easily.
2. Which do you prefer, vegetables and fruits with chemical fertilizer or those with organic fertilizer? Why?
I now choose vegetables and fruits with chemical fertilizer, because those are cheaper than organic. I'm sorry.
3. Do you think it is important that people should have knowledge about the product before buying it?Yes or No,and why?
Yes, I do, because in our world, there are many foods used chemical. The marketing and advertising often confuse us.

Ze Frank: Are you human?

TED 2014
Ze Frank: Are you human? (script)
Summary
In this story, there are many important but ridiculous questions also. You can answer seriously or optimistically. You don't have to worry about it, because you are trying to do it.
It doesn't a matter whether you can answer it well or not. You have a power to walk your life better, because you are a human.
Words in this story
aggression / invasion, raid, force
shitty / worthless
marvel / be amazed, be astonished, be surprised

Turning powerful stats into art

TED 2008
Chris Jordan: Turning powerful stats into art (video, script)
Summary
We think that our many behaviors are done consciously, but it doesn't seem true. Many behaviors are unconsciously controlled below the surface of our daily awareness. We don't notice it, thus its results become something that we can't imagine. And then, it's difficult for us to understand many kinds of the number correctly. It's also not noticed.
For example, more than 400,000 people die from cigarette smoking in the United States every year. It means that 1,100 Americans are dying from it every day.  Every day means that it happened yesterday and today it'll happen tomorrow and the next day also. Isn't this tragedy? In the past, 3,000 Americans died on 9/11. Over hundred times 3,000 is about 400,000. One thing is talked about for a long time, however, another is not. We dismiss it.
The speaker shows us such problems by using amazing pictures to understand easily. In his the beautiful art, you can see 40 million paper cups which Americans use when they drink coffee and after that, it'd throw away. It's as high as a 42-story building, it would be thrown it away every day. 
He hopes that we can feel these things more deeply. We have to know those and  his arts are powerful enough to change our behavior.
Words in this story
pollution / the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment
surface /ˈsɜr fɪs/  face /feɪs/
anxiety /anx·-i·-e·-ty/æŋˈzaɪ ɪ ti/  worry, concern
reverberate / like an echo.
distracted / prevent (someone) from giving full attention to something.

The art of asking

TED 2013
Amanda Palmer: The art of asking
Summary
At what kind of time do people pay the artists the money?
How do the artists make people pay for music?
These questions are wrong.
It'll happen when people naturally want to help other people and their trust is created, won't it?
The answers that people pay the artists the money are that its exchange is fair, creating a better connection and trust, asking help honestly without shame, and when people and the artists see each other.
Now, Internet helps them. However, it's a just tool, it is important to see each other but these are not understood by all people.
The speaker had successfully made through the crowdfunding. She knows the best encounter as an artist.
Words in this story
circus /ˈsɜr kəs/   curious /ˈkyʊər i əs/ eager to know or learn something.
serious /ˈsɪər i əs/ not joking, not intended to amuse.
vulnerable /vul·-ner·-a·-ble/ˈvʌl nər ə bəl/ susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm. weak, helpless,
valuable /val·-u·-a·-ble/ˈvæl yu ə bəl, -yə bəl/ having qualities worthy of respect, admiration, or esteem.

Remaking my voice

TED 2011
Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice
Summary
The speaker Roger Ebert is a film critic. Thus, in this story, some movies' stories were used. If you know those movies, there is no doubt that you have fun with the story.
The speaker lost his lower jaw and the abilities  that are eating, drinking and speaking because of surgeries for cancer. For almost people speaking is like breathing. No one knows when it's lost. It'll suddenly happen. However, we now live in the incredibly fortunate moment in history when we have intelligence and Internet. It gives us connection with other people by using words and communications. Computers created his voice and he remade and regained it. 
It might not be complete though he can communicate as well as before. He hopes that people who need a voice know that computers have quite progressed speaking system. Don't look away from illness and be alone. There is something that makes you happy and relieved.
Word in this story
regain / obtain possession or use of (something) again after losing it.
articulate / to speak fluently
interrupted / cut in. ruptured / break.

A broken body isn't a broken person

TED 2012
Janine Shepherd: A broken body isn't a broken person
Summary
In the video, I couldn't imagine that the speaker had a big accident. The power a human has to try recovering is great. This story shows that your bodies are moved when it receives your voices from your brain. I could find that she made the decision to return to her body, and the internal bleeding stopped. And then, when she had a dream which she was going to be a pilot, she could start training to walk  to achieve it.
Something that you can't do, it's decided by yourself. When you let it go, you can create a completely new life. New life always waits for you, if your body is broken, your real strength is in your mind. All people have it.
Words in this story
bliss / perfect happiness and great joy.
breath / the air taken into or expelled from the lungs.
spectacular / beautiful in a dramatic and eye-catching way.
paralyze / to become partly or wholly incapable of movement.

What you don’t know about marriage

TED 2012
Jenna McCarthy: What you don’t know about marriage
Summary
The speaker who doesn't have any problems in her marriage life, explained about marriages, especially happy marriages.
Of course they don't have sex with other people and in the happiest marriages is that the wife is thinner and better looking than the husband. She has positive thoughts.
A husband is to do housework.
It's important to have a lot of childhood' photos which you smiled in it but not to win an Oscar for best actress.
Watching a romantic comedy together and drinking alcohol won't be good. Divorce seems contagious, you should pay attention around your friend.
And then when you get married you can receive legal benefits and will make more money for business.
You'll be healthier, physically and emotionally. You have good kids and more sex and you'll live longer. Thus the speaker said to us that the marriage is significant and worth. She shared the way to succeed in marriage life with us.
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
1. Do you think there is such thing as happy marriage? Why or why not?
Yes, I do. I think that happy marriage gives people who want to get married happy and it gives people who don't want to do unhappy.
2. Do you think marriage is a guarantee that married couple will not separate in the future? Why or why not?
Yes, I do. I think that to separate after married will be difficult and it will bother many people. It will be a guarantee.
3. In your opinion, what is marriage?
In my opinion, marriage is important to have children.
4. Do you think getting married means giving up your freedom? Why or why not?
Yes, I do. It's because women have to be back home early from their work and do housework alone, especially Japanese men absolutely think that.
5. What qualities in a partner are important to you?
In a partner, to have grateful feeling is important to me.

ABE ANNOUNCES TAX HIKE DELAY

NHK news 2016
ABE ANNOUNCES TAX HIKE DELAY
Summary
In Japan, a consumption tax hike is postponed. It's scheduled for next April, but it's pushed back by two and a half years. However, it's needed to be approved by the Diet.
Abe hopes that the Japanese economy recovers and China and other emerging markets do also.
What is "Abenomics" ?
The aim of "Abenomics" is the Abe's economic policies to break away from years of deflation and revive the stagnating economy with a “three-arrowed economic booster plan.”
Those are a bold policy of monetary easing, fiscal stimulus through spending on public projects, and a growth strategy that entails structural reform.

This is what it's like to go undercover in North Korea

TED 2015
Suki Kim: This is what it's like to go undercover in North Korea
I love this TEDtalk the best that I have ever read in my life.
My report
By chance, I heard this speech. Somehow, I was deeply moved, and I thought  that the speaker Suki Kim whose English was easy for me to hear, probably, it's because she is Korean who is the Asian person like me and her native language is not English.
People must think, that people don't want to talk about North Korea, because it is the country where it is strange, scary and hard to understand. It will be too difficult to talk, but she speaks fair but it is TED stage.
In the video, parts I was moved  are that first, she wanted to know and write the truth about North Korea, but her thoughts changed. She wanted to tell the students the truth, but she started to think that it would be dangerous and put them at risk. She could not hate North Korea, because it's their home, even if it's the merciless country.
And then, her students said to her, "we never think of you as being different from us. Our circumstances are different, but you're the same as us. We want you to know that we truly think of you as being the same."
I love the relationship that was created among the teacher and the students. This is true love on education. However, in this story, they cannot do anything for each other anymore.
North Korea, South Korea and Japan are the same Asian countries though there is a lot of difference that you are not able to learn in the textbooks and schools.

The best gift I ever survived

TED 2010
Stacey Kramer: The best gift I ever survived
I think that you probably have a hard  experience. It's unexpected, unwanted and you'd think why only you received or had to do it. It might profoundly alter your life in ways, but it just may be a gift to you.  It'll be accepted for your life.  All that happened is right.
Words in this story
acquaintance /ac・quain・tance/ a person's knowledge or experience of something.
overwhelm /  to be too much to deal with or to defeat someone or something by using a lot of force.
adoration / deep love and respect.
admiration / praise, respect

The case for optimism on climate change

TED 2016
Al Gore: The case for optimism on climate change
Summary
The speaker is Al Gore who is a former Vice President of the United States and he talked about the climate crisis on TED talk for the first time 10 years ago. This is his latest fourth talk.
10 yeas ago, he said that we have to know about the climate crisis and we should reduce emissions in our home.
The second time, he showed a new solution we never imagined. He said that put a price on carbon, gather investments and we have to change our thoughts against investments also.
The third time, he compared that now, used fossil fuel energy by burning, and the alternative plans which use water, wind and solar.
And then, this time he explains that the problem of climate crisis immensely become big and there is no sign of stopping or even being a slow pace. Even the World Economic Forum says that the climate crisis is now the number one risk to the global economy.
However, now is the key that old energy should be changed to new energy, he think.
The climate crisis can't be stopped still, but using wind and solar are rapidly spreading. It gives a good influence to the economy. The cost which has come down will be better.
It's important to cooperate with everyone especially young people, not to avoid some limitations from politicians and we have to hurry. It'll be working to better direction than before.
Words in this story
remarkable /  exceptional, amazing

What comes after An Inconvenient Truth?

TED 2009
Al Gore: What comes after An Inconvenient Truth?
Summary
The speaker is Al Gore who is a former Vice President of the United States and this is the third time for him to stand on TED talk. This time, he only explained the existing situation by using industry's ads.  
Now, the biggest single cause of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels with deforestation. Oil is a problem but coal is the most serious problem.
Commercials have powers that attract people. He also uses his ads to tell the alternative plans, change people's thought and to gather new investments.
Words in this story
deforestation /de·for·est·sta·tion/ to cut down and clear away the trees or forests
existing /adj/ existence /noun/

New thinking on the climate crisis

TED 2008
Al Gore: New thinking on the climate crisis
Summary
New thinking on the climate crisis
This is a summary of this article. The speaker is Al Gore who is a former Vice President of the United States and this is the second time for him to stand on TED talk. As the title suggests, he announced his new thinking on the climate crisis. That's what a price is put on carbon. This is the carbon offset which means to make an investment in not cut wealthy country emissions and to solve the poverty and development programs in the developing countries.
Although he said that we had to start to reduce energy from our home last time, the pace of the climate change progresses worse than we think. We have to change our life and thoughts about the climate crisis urgently. The way of the investment might be difficult unless the law is changed. It has an interest also. However, our society is a democracy which has a power: it ended slavery and it gave women the right to vote. He strongly expects it.
Words in this story
optimism /  hopefulness and confidence about the future or the successful outcome of something.
allocation / assignment, distribution. example, budget allocation
vulnerable / susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm.

Averting the climate crisis

TED 2006
Al Gore: Averting the climate crisis
Summary
The speaker Al Gore is a former Vice President of the United States. He said "We have many things to do about the climate crisis urgently, beyond our situation as a politician and not." He appeared in a campaign movie to educate citizens about global warming via a comprehensive slide show, thus he has a lot of its data.
You have to know about the climate crisis more. You probably think that cars and trucks are very significant in this issue, however, you should reduce emissions in your home.
We have to start to change our life before "climate crisis" will be "climate collapse."
Words in this story
climate change / changes in the world's weather, in particular the fact that it is believed to be getting warmer as a result of human activity increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
global warming /  a gradual increase in the earth’s temperature, caused by gases, esp. carbon dioxide, surrounding the earth.
democracy / a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Shake up your story

TED 2011
Raghava KK: Shake up your story
Summary
In the world, there are many kinds of people and all their thoughts will be different.  So our perspective will be also different each other  but we have  biased views.  When you teach children multiple perspectives, they  will understand that people have biases. The speaker wants them to know it and have empathy, thus he created a children's book for the iPad. When you shake it, you can show a child that people have different perspectives while having fun. 
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
【About this video】
1. What do you think about the children’s book for the iPad in this movie?
I think that I want the children to grow by reading paperbacks and picture books at first. It will be their base of knowledge. I saw that a child was losing his temper, when he touched his mother's iPad which didn't move. Now also has a problem that we can't remember some words because we often use computers, we don't use pen and paper to remember something. That's why I want the children not to use computers at first and to know that reading paperbacks and using pen and paper are fun.
2. “Art and creativity are very essential tools in empathy.”Agree or Disagree?
I agree.
3. How the artist play a bigger role in shaping the society?
By drawing something, we can understand many things easy and well.
4. What could be the effect of this animation movie to the children?
The effect is to know some perspectives while having fun. 
【Ｃhildfood】
1. What would you change about your childhood?
I wanted to be a strong person, because I often cried.
2. What did you like to do when you were a child?
I liked to play with  some dolls and read picture books when I was a child.
3. When you were a child, what did you want to be when you grow up?
When I was a child, I wanted to be a teacher or a business woman when I grow up.
Yesterday, I was sorry that I had mistaks paper bags.  it's paperbacks
Is our last class Monday?
【Books】
1. Do you like reading books? If yes, is there a book that you have read more than once? if no, why not?
Yes, I do. Yes, there is. Many books are interesting. Picture books: Sleeping Beauty and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are even now interesting. I have read sometimes. Reading those in English is also better.
2. What factors are important to you when choosing a book to read? Please answer and explain why you think so.
 Choices:
 a. Reviews
 b. A Recommendation from a friend
 c. The design of the front cover
I choose letter b: A Recommendation from a friend, because after reading a book, we can discuss about it. It will make us understand more.
3. Do you think that it is more valuable to read a book than to watch television?
Yes, I do. It will give us power which we can think about many things.

How to escape education's death valley

TED 2013
Ken Robinson: How to escape education's death valley
Summary
Flowers open under the conditions such as good soil, water, and sunshine. When these matches, beautiful flowers can open. About education, it's equal. If there is a good environment of learning, the talents of children will be able to grow more. The speaker showed its three conditions: accepting diversity, making children have curiosity and developing creativity. If in the school, the relationships between teachers and learners are cherished more, there are a lot of innovation and teachers have the discretion, death school will be changed. The talents of children will flourish more like beautiful flowers can open. Now, education should be changed.

Bring on the learning revolution!

TED
Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! 
Summary
Now, our world has a climate crisis and it's one more crisis. This is a problem about the education. Our time is flying every day, however, the way of learning isn't changed, because you take it for granted that it's common and it's not able to be changed.
Education should be that children can use their natural talents to spend their lives and do their work. They have to enjoy also. In this diversified generation, the education system to only enter into college doesn't work. We have to be awaken from its common. The speaker said that the talents of children should be flourished by a new education system. It's necessary for us to have revolution by combining with their talents, good teachers' skills and technologies.
How wonderful that it would be if all children can be able to spread their dreams freely.
Words in this story
flourish / prosper, flower
utilitarian / u・til・i・tar・i・an /juːtìləté(ə)riən/ designed to be useful
take for granted / to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it.
authentic / of undisputed origin, genuine.

Do schools kill creativity?

TED
Ken Robinson:  Do schools kill creativity?
Summary
What is education?  The education system we now use is choosing the most useful subjects for work are at the top. It's thought that arts, music and dance are not valuable. Children learn to only enter university. In the past, its system worked well. However, children have to have better intelligence which is diverse, dynamic and creative from now. However, they potentially  have it. The education should make them show it. This is the education which they can discover their talent. We who are adults and educators have to help them and rethink the fundamental principles to educate for the next generation.
Words in this story
kinesthetically /ki nes the ti cal ly/ the ability to know where the parts of your body are and how they are moving.
unpredictability / un pre dic ta bi li ty/ tending to change suddenly and without reason or warning, and therefore not able to be depended on.

Dare to educate Afghan girls

TED
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Dare to educate Afghan girls
Summary
In Afghanistan, there were many children who can't go to school, especially for girls, it seems to remind them today also. The girl had to dress as s boy to go to school with risks. Among those situations, some families are prizing that their daughters go to school. Especially, if a father recognizes it, his daughter will grasp at the opportunity to study. Studying and learning are important because it always remains with you if you will lose everything you own in your life or your money will be stolen or you will be forced to leave your home during a war. Children are our treasure in the world. All of them should have the opportunity to go to school safely. Their possibly and dreams should grow big.
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
1. If you are an Afghan parent, would you follow the Tailban’s rule or risk your life just to send your daughters in school?
If I am an Afghan parent, I'll risk my life just to send my daughter to school to create better future.
2. What is your opinion about the equality of education between man and woman?
In my opinion, the equality of education between man and woman is to have the same opportunity.
However, Japan is perceived as a male-dominated society.
3. How important is it for you to get an education? Elaborate your answer.
I think that for spending better life, doing good work efficiently and contributing to society, it is important for me to get an education.
4. Why do you think about Japanese eduation? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
Japanese education did not help me, when I started to work. I have to read many books and study English once more. 
The advantage is all children can receive their compulsory education for 12 years. There are many high schools and colleges also in Japan.
The disadvantage is that many classes don't have time to discuss. Students only listen to the teacher. Just their tests are evaluated. 
5. How should we study English to master it efficiently? Please elaborate your answer.
We should study English every day, Especially, we have to speak more. Don't hesitate to make mistakes and having fun things to learn it.
Words in this story
brag /  to speak with pride, often with too much pride, about something you have done or something you possess.
dare / showing bravery and willingness to risk danger or criticism.
daunt / to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about his or her ability to achieve something.
opposition /noun/  opposite /adj/
perceive /per・ceive/pɚsíːv/  precise /pre・cise/prɪsάɪs/
fragility /fra・gil・i・ty/frədʒíləṭi/

Everyday leadership

TED
Drew Dudley:  Everyday leadership
Summary
You probably think that leadership is having a big power that you have to give people  strong impact. It's an unreachable and scary thing.
However, in fact, someone  have been already affected by you. So you made someone's life better by something that you said or you did, but they just haven't told about it.  You've been an important person in someone's life, even if  a small thing.  This is a wonderful thing, and you're exactly a leader.
You can overcome your fear of leadership.  Having leadership is not special.  It's  in your everyday life.
◆Viewpoints&Discussion
1. What do you think about the story that he introduced in the video?
I think that this is a great story. It makes me happy. There are many things that can change you, but many people don't notice. It's not called leadership. 
In this story, the speaker said that leadership had to be redefined. I also think that this is the lollipop moment
2. Have you ever tried being a leader? Are you more of a leader or a follower?
Yes, I have, but I had no choice. No, I'm not. The Japanese leadership definition is too heavy for me.
3. What are the qualities that a leader should have?
The quality that a leader should have something that he/she strongly believes.
4. Are there any leaders you admire? Tell me about them.
Yes, there are. One of my leaders is my English teacher who might not think that she has leadership like in this story. Thanks to her, I can contiune to study English with fun. Meeting her was the best thing in my life, she has been an incredibly important person forever.
5. Are people born leaders or do they become leaders over time?
I think that they become leaders over time.
Words in this story
deserve / do something or have or show qualities worthy of, merit, earn